Babu wani lambu da yake jin cikakke ba tare da bishiyoyi ba, ko bishiyoyi masu fruita fruitan itace, don inuwa, ko kuma kawai kayan ado. Mun saba da ganin jinsuna iri daya kuma wannan ya sa bamu saba lura dasu ba, amma akwai kowane irin bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin gaske cewa watakila koda sau daya aka gani kuma ba'a manta dashi ba.
A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana ne game da bishiyoyin da basu da kyau a duniya da kuma bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa waɗanda kuka taɓa gani sau ɗaya kuma suka ɗauki hankalin ku.
Maganin Citrus var sarcodactylis (Lemon Buddha hannun)
Don masu farawa, wanda yafi kowa, da hannun buddha. Wataƙila kun taɓa gani sau da yawa a cikin gidajen nursery, amma kun san hakan nau'ikan itacen lemun tsami ne na daji? Asalin rarrabuwa ba'a san shi ba tunda ya kasance cikin noman shekaru dubbai. Kodayake babban abin da yake sha'awa a gare mu na ado ne, amma kuma abin ci ne kuma a Asiya ana amfani dashi don kayan magani.
Ficus benghalensis (Banyan ko Baƙon Baƙon Indiya)
A Kudancin Spain abu ne sananne sosai a shuka wani banyan itaciya, ficus elastica, a gida da waje. Ficus benghalensis, a gefe guda, yawanci ana ganinsa kamar tsire-tsire na gida, kodayake kulawarsa kusan iri ɗaya ce. Bambancin wannan nau'in ficus da kuma dalilin da yasa ake kiransu itacen ɓaure masu baƙinciki shine cewa suna da ƙwarewa ta yadda dabbobi ke cin fruitsa theiran su kuma suna sanya deposita seedsan cikin rawanin wasu bishiyoyi. Da zarar sun tsiro, girma kamar shuke-shuke epiphytic (amma ba parasites bane, kamar yadda mutane da yawa sukayi imani) har sai da asalinsu ya kai kasa, a wannan lokacin ne suka fara yin kauri da kewayen bishiyar da suka tsiro a ciki, suka shake ta ta hana shi girma.
Sauran abubuwan da yake da shi shine yayin da suke girma suna sanya tushen asalin iska wanda suke samarda ginshikan tallafi da zarar sun buge ƙasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin Ficus benghalensis, wanda a cikin mazauninsa na asali a Indiya, inda aka ɗauke shi da tsarki, samfurin guda daya ya zama gandun daji. Sauran bishiyoyin banyan suma sun shahara sosai, Addini ficus y ficus altissima tunda ana iya ganin da yawa suna girma akan kango na Asiya.
Nuytsia floribunda (Itacen Kirsimeti na Australiya)
Yanzu zamu tafi itace mai gaskiya parasitic, da Nuytsia floribunda. Ana ɗauke shi ɗan asalin ƙasar zuwa yammacin Ostiraliya, inda samfuran keɓaɓɓu ke girma. Bambancin wannan tsire-tsire, ban da kasancewarta tsire-tsire mai laushi wanda za a iya ɗaukar bishiya da gaske, shine ba kamar yawancin ba, Maimakon inganta ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya, tana da babban tsarin tushen wanda yake rataye ɗaruruwan tsire-tsire. (gabaɗaya ganye, kamar su ciyawa) ta haustoria, saboda haka yana iya isa zuwa manyan girma. Hakanan za'a iya cewa ne hemiparasite, ma'ana, yana shan ruwa ne kawai da gishirin ma'adinai daga masu masaukin, amma ana iya aiwatar da hotunan ta hanyar kanta.
Parasitaxus usta (Yaran Parasitic)
A ci gaba da abubuwan da ke parasites za mu ga wannan shuka ta musamman. Parasitaxus ustaita kadai ce kwalliyar parasitic (Ba tare da ƙidayar fatalwar fatalwar fatalwa ba, wanda maye gurbi ne kuma ba jinsi bane kamar haka). Yana da shunayya da bashi da wani chlorophyll, tunda cikakken cuta ne (yana jan komai daga mai gida). Zai iya girma ne kawai a ƙarƙashin wani memba na danginsa (podocarpaceae), Harajin Falcatifolium. Amma abin sha'awa, baya shiga asalinsa ta hanyar haustoria, amma yana samar da mycorrhizae tare da irin wannan fungi wanda ake yiwa Falcatifolium mycorrhiza, yana musu ruwa da abinci. Yana da Cike da cutar zuwa New Caledonia, tsibirin tsirrai tsirrai.
Wani conifer na iyali podocarpaceaedaga Sabuwar Caledonia. A wannan yanayin, ɗayan thean kaɗan daga cikin ruwan da ke cikin ruwa, tare da saurin ci gaba, ganye mai kama da myrtle da kwalban kwalba wanda kusan babu rassa. Kamar sauran dangin nan, maimakon samar da abarba, tana samar da fruitsa fruitsan itace kama da zaitun.
Taxodium spp.. (bishiyoyi masu tsire-tsire)
Ba za ku iya yin magana game da kayan kwalliyar ruwa ba tare da ambaton jinsi ba taxodium, cewa ba wai kawai za su iya girma cikin tabkuna ba amma kuma suna da yankewa. Ya kamata a lura cewa suna da laushi guda ɗaya, kuma abin da suke yi a lokacin kaka suna jan ƙwanƙwasawa duka, wanda ya sa ya zama alama cewa ganyayyakinsu suna hade. Wannan jinsi na iyali Cupressaceae Asali ne na Arewacin Amurka kuma yana da nau'ikan halittu guda uku, Ba'amurke biyu da Mexico guda:
Taxodium distichum, el marsh cypress, shine mafi ƙwarewa a wajen Amurka, yana da tsayi kama da na Yews da ci gaban dala. Zai iya girma tare da asalin sai ya nutsar tunda yana samarda tsarukan da ake kira pneumatophores wanda yake ba iska damar isa gare su.
Taxodium ya hau, itacen kandami, ana ɗauke shi da yawa daga marubuta T. distichum. Yanayinsa yayi kamanceceniya da na baya, amma ganyayyakin sa squamiform ne maimakon tsawaita kuma rassan suna girma gaba ɗaya a tsaye.
Taxodium mucronatumo T. huegeli), el haquri, Jinsi ne na Meziko kuma kodayake yana jure wa kasa mai ambaliya, gwamma kada a kasance kai tsaye a cikin ruwa tunda bata da pneumatophores. Wannan nau'in yana yin babban aiki wanda yake hana ruwa daga rafuka ya dauke daskararren daga gabar. Wani samfuri a cikin Oaxaca ya ɗauki tarihin bishiyar da ke da mafi girman itace a duniya.
Araucaria spp.
Jinsi na conifers tare da kyakkyawar bayyanar, wanda nau'ikan 19, 13 suna da alaƙa da New Caledonia. Suna da ci gaba mai girma sosai tare da rassa na reshe a sau ɗaya kawai, don haka suna da matukar girma cikin tsari. Ganyensa gabaɗaya a haɗe yake da tushe kuma galibi gajeru ne, shimfide kuma kaifi. A yankunan bakin teku ana yawan gani Araucaria heterophylla, kuma a cikin yankunan sanyi Araucaria shi ne mafi amfani. A cikin yankuna masu rani mai sanyi kuma yana da sauƙin samu Araucaria angustifolia y Araucaria bidwilli. Araucaria cunninghamiana, jinsin kama da na al'ada A. heterophylla amma ya fi jurewa sanyi, wani lokacin ana siyar dashi azaman bonsai. Babban abin birgewa game da duk wannan shine babu ɗayan waɗannan daga isan asalin Caledonia, mahaifar jinsi. Wannan saboda nau'ikan dake wannan tsibirin sunfi na wurare masu zafi zafi sosai kuma basu da darajar girka.
Podocarpus spp.
Wannan jinsi na conifers yana daya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa, tunda da farko kallon mu yana sama mana cewa suna da alaƙa da murti ko katako. Suna da manya-manyan, ganyayyun ganye, tare da abin da ya zama fida. 'Ya'yanta suna da ban sha'awa, tunda galibi ana fallasa su, tare da launuka masu launi masu haske a mahadar zuwa tushe. Wannan ya sa suka zama kamar zaitun da itacen berry da aka ɗora a kan ɗan goge haƙori. Su ne yawanci conifers na wurare masu zafi, tare da nau'i daya kawai, Podocarpus macrophyllus, wanda ke jure yanayin sanyi sosai. Ba shi da wahala a sami tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in a cikin gidajen nurseries, amma galibi ana sayar da su azaman bonsai.
Dracophyllum spp.
Da farko kallon waɗannan bishiyoyi kamar daga dangin Bromeliaceae suke, amma babu abin da zai iya kasancewa daga gaskiya. Kodayake kowa zai ce waɗannan su ne monocots, waɗannan bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin gaske sun kasance daga dangin heather da blueberry, Ericaceae. Suna cikin New Zealand, Ostiraliya kuma tabbas, New Caledonia. Mafi kyawun jinsin da masu tarawa ke nema shine Dracophyllum traversii, wanda yayi girma zuwa babban itace kuma mai haƙurin sanyi. Bayyanar su ta tarihi yasa mutane da yawa neman su, amma suna da matukar wahalar samu da kuma rayar da su.
Richea pandanifolia
Wani tsiro na iyali Ericaceae wannan yana kama da monocot. A hakikanin gaskiya, pandanifolia na nufin ganyen pandanus, wani abu ne wanda yake da alaƙa da itacen dabino. A wannan yanayin yana da ci gaba na tsaye a tsaye kuma ba tare da rassa ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin sha'awa tsakanin masu tarawa. Wannan endemic zuwa tsaunuka na Tasmania, don haka kodayake yana jurewa sanyi, baya tallafawa zafi. Wannan ya sa ya zama babban ƙalubale don yin shi.
coreopsis gigantea (arbareal daisy)
Fiye da bishiya, itaciya ce saboda girman da take samu (yawanci baya wuce 2m), amma kamannin ta kamar wata ƙaramar bishiya. Abu mai ban dariya shine cewa yana ɗayan thean tsire-tsire marasa tsire-tsire masu girma na babban gidan dangi asteraceae wannan yana samo girman arboreal. Wato, karamin itace ne wanda furannin shi dais ne. Wannan musamman shine 'yan asalin California da Baja California, kuma yana da ɗan jinkirin girma. Wannan yana sanya bishiyar bishiyar halittar sonchus endemic ga Canaries yawancin masu tarawa suna neman su, tunda suna da saurin girma. Gabaɗaya, dukkanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na dangin Compositae ana iya ɗaukar su bishiyoyi marasa ƙarancin gaske.
Wani nau'in arboreal na tsire-tsire wanda ke da yawan ganye, wannan lokacin africana, kuma daga dangi asteraceae. Shin zaku iya yin tunanin sarƙaƙƙiya ta tsiro a kan itace? Wancan shukar ne, wanda tare yake haifar da wasu bishiyoyi masu matukar wahala. Kodayake abin birgewa ne, ba wai kawai saboda ganyayyaki da yanayin girma ba, amma kuma saboda furannin, kusan mawuyacin samu ne don siyarwa.
Leucadendron argenteum (itacen azurfa)
A gare ni, ɗayan bishiyoyi mafi kyawu da kyau a duniya, nahiyar Afirka ta kudu. Jinsi leucadendron na dangi ne proteaceae, ɗayan mafi tsufa dangin dicot. Wani abu mai matukar ban sha'awa game da waɗannan tsire-tsire shine akwai itatuwa maza da mata wadanda suka banbanta. Maza suna da girma iri iri tare da launuka masu ban mamaki. Matan mata, a gefe guda, suna da girma da launuka masu laushi, kusa da koren al'ada. Mafi kyawun mai sayarwa shine leucadendron 'faɗuwar rana ta safari', wanda daga ita ake siyar da rassa don shirye-shiryen furanni (kuma suna da matukar wahala tushe). Leucadendron argenteum A gefe guda, kusan ba a taɓa ganin sa don sayarwa ba kuma na ɗauka tsirrai ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin lambunan mu.
Dendrosenecio Kilimanjari (senecio na arboreal)
Senecios sanannun tsire-tsire ne, ko dai don nau'ikan saukinsa ko tsirrai masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke nuna kamar ciyawa. Anyi wannan musamman 'yar reshen itace, tare da manya-manyan ganye da kuma katon akwati mai ban sha'awa, tare da reshe iri-iri. Ba zaku taɓa ganin kanku cikin aikin lambu ba saboda bukatunku: Kasancewa tsayi mai tsayi, yana buƙatar yanayin zafi wanda bai wuce 25ºC tare da dare mai sanyi da danshi mai zafi ba.. Idan ka sami gidan gandun daji da ke sayarwa Senecio kilimanjaro, haƙiƙa abin da yake sayarwa shi ne ƙaramin sikeli mai faɗi, nau'i na Senecio macizai samu daga Kilimanjaro, babu abin da zai yi da wannan itaciyar.
Cussonia paniculata
Itaciya mai katako mai kauri sosai da fashewar kumburin dangi Araliaceae (ivy), daga kudancin Afirka. Ganyen dabino da siffar akwatin suna ba shi kyakkyawar bayyanar da ta sanya shi babban ƙari ga lambun hamada a cikin busassun yanayi mai sanyi. manyan lobes. Lokacin da aka tsiro daga iri, yakan samar da wata kaudus wacce ke sa ta zama mafi ban mamaki. Yana da wuya a same shi a cikin wuraren nurs, amma yawancin shafukan yanar gizo suna sayar da tsaba. Duk salo Kussoniya Ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi masu wuya, amma wannan nau'in yana ɗayan mafi ban mamaki.
Pseudopanax ferox
Wani bishiyar bishiyar iyali Araliaceae, wannan lokacin daga Ostiraliya. Yana da matukar girma girma, farawa tare da haɓakar tsaye tsaye tare da launin ruwan kasa, mai tsayi, spiny da cikakke ganye mara ƙarfi. Bayan kimanin shekaru 20, idan ya wuce kimanin 3m a tsayi sai ya fara reshe da fadi, da taushi, da mara baya da ganye. Dalilin haka shi ne an daidaita shi don guje wa farauta daga moas, Katuwar tsuntsaye kwatankwacin emus da ya shuɗe kwanan nan. Yayinda yake yarinya, yana da kamannin tsiron da bai yarda dashi ba, kuma idan ya wuce tsayin da moas ya kai, yana da cigaba na yau da kullun. Wannan ya kara da juriyarsa ga sanyi ya sanya shi matattarar masu tarawa ta hanyar shuka. Yana da sauƙin samuwa, kodayake a ɗan tsada da yawa.
Eucalyptus deglupta (Rainbow eucalyptus)
A eucalyptus sananne kuma ana nemansa saboda launukan akwatinsa. Ita ce kawai eucalyptus ta autochthonous a arewacin hemisphere, kuma tana girma a cikin yankunan daji. Wannan yana kawo matsalar cewa lallai ne eucalyptus mafi ƙarancin sanyi. Duk da haka, wani abu yana riƙe. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ba a sayar da wannan tsiron a cikin nurseries, dole ne ku sayi tsaba, wanda ke sa'a cikin sauri girma. Wannan yana haifar da daidaikun mutane su sami fa'ida kuma su nemi farashi mai yawa akan su akan shafukan tallace-tallace na hannu. Ka tuna cewa kusan duk hotunan da ke Intanet na wannan tsire an shirya su, tare da nuna bambanci. Launukan sa suna birgewa, amma babu inda yake kusa kamar yadda suke bayyana a mafi yawan hotuna. Launin sa na ainihi shine na hoton da muka sanya anan.
Dubarea madagascariensis
Anan zamu iya hada duka iyali Didereaceae, iyali endemic zuwa Madagascar suna kusa da cacti, amma daga wanda tsirrai suke barin maimakon ƙaya. Wannan dangin sun haɗu da wasu bishiyoyi mafi banƙyama kuma mafi ban mamaki a cikin bayyanar. Wannan nau'in musamman yana da tudu a ƙarshen kyawawan bishiyoyi wanda yawancin ganye masu kama da allura suke fitowa, kama da na bishiyoyin pine. Wadannan areolas suna kewaye da spines suna zuwa daga tushe. Girmansa yana da kyau a cikin iyali, yawancin rassa masu kauri waɗanda suke fitowa daga tushe kuma suna hawa mitoci da yawa tare da kusan rashin buɗewa. Ba kasafai ake amfani da su a aikin lambu ba kamar su Allaudia procera, wani nau'in danginsu wanda yake gama gari.
Fouquieria spp. (ocotillos)
Wannan jinsi na dangi ne Fouquieriaceae ya hada da tsire-tsire iri-iri, duk 'yan asalin wurin hamadar Kudancin Arewacin Amurka. Mafi yawansu shuke-shuken shuke-shuke ne, amma ya hada da jinsuna biyu wadanda suka fita daga sauran:
Fouquieria yana da kyau: Ocotillo, itacen caudiciform tare da kyawawan rassa masu tsaye a tsaye waɗanda ke fitowa daga tushe. Sai kawai yana da ganye aan makonni bayan ruwan sama, sauran shekara suna yin kama da sandunan sandar bushe. Mai tsananin jure sanyi, wani lokacin ana ganinta a cikin lambun hamada, amma ba'ayi amfani dashi ba kamar yadda mutum zaiyi la'akari da bayyanarsa.
Fouquieria columnaris: Kandir, itace mai farin ciki musamman jinkirin girma. Ya kai kimanin 10m, amma zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 500 kafin ya kai wannan tsayin. Shin da mai kauri sosai da kuma ƙarancin rassa (ko kuma ba a cire shi ba) babban tushe tare da kyawawan ganyayyaki na gefe masu kyau hakan kawai zai bunkasa shekarar da ka jefa su. Bayan fari mai yawa suna neman tanƙwara, tunda tsarinsu na ciki yana buƙatar cika da ruwa don tsayawa tsayayye. Ba mai saurin jure sanyi, ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a aikin lambu ba saboda jinkirin saurin sa.
Banksia spp.
Wadannan tsirrai na Dangin Proteaceae suna da bala'i daga Ostiraliya, inda suke kafa gandun daji. A cikin wannan yanayin akwai bishiyoyi, shrubs da tsire-tsire masu rarrafe, tare da ganye iri daban-daban, amma koyaushe sclerophyllous (mai wuya). Haushi mai kauri yana basu damar jure gobara ba kusan lalacewa ba. Wani fasalin mai ban sha'awa sosai na waɗannan tsire-tsire shine furanninsu. Suna samar da wani nau'i na manyan abarba waɗanda an cika su da furanni. Ba a amfani da su sosai a aikin lambu kamar yadda mutum zai zata, kuma saboda irin tushen da suke da shi, babutallafawa ƙasa tare da phosphorus kuma ba harin na Phytophthora spp.
Wolemia nobilis
Wani ɗan ƙasar Australiya na iyali araucariaceae a cikin hadari na halaka. Da yawa suna ɗaukarsa ɗayan bishiyoyi mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Tana da ci gaba na musamman, tare da babban akwati na tsaye wanda daga ciki gaɓoɓu gaɓaɓɓu da gaɓoɓin reshe a fili suke fitowa waɗanda basa sake reshe. Maza da mata cones suna bayyana daga ƙarshen waɗannan rassa. Yana gab da halaka, tare da samfuran samari manya wadanda ba su wuce 100 ba a wani karamin yanki, amma an fitar da yanka da tsaba zuwa ga lambunan tsirrai na duniya da kuma daga su ya zama tsiro gama gari (duk da cewa yana da tsada sosai) a cikin nurseries na masu tarawa. Kuna buƙatar matattarar acidic musamman kuma ba shi da kariya daga phytophthora, don haka ba za a bar ƙasa ta huɗa ba.
Kuma shi ke nan. Ina fatan kuna son zabinmu na bishiyoyi marasa kyau kuma kun koyi wani abu. Yawancin waɗannan ana iya samun su tare da sauƙi, don haka idan kuna son gwada haɓaka… ci gaba!
