Endemic shuke-shuke sune wadanda suka kebanta da inda aka haife su. Wato, za ku iya samun sa kawai a cikin wannan ɓangaren na duniya ba a cikin wani ba. Misali, a cikin duniyar dabbobi, lynx na Iberian yana da alamun Spain, saboda haka zaku same shi ne a Spain. A yau za mu yi magana ne game da wani tsiro mai cike da hadari a kudu maso gabashin Spain wanda, cikin rashin sa'a, yana fama da mummunan sakamako da barazana. Ya game jara na Cartagena (Cistus heterophyllus ƙasa. karhaginensis).
Shin kuna son sanin halayen wannan tsire-tsire da aikin murmurewa da kiyayewa da ake aiwatarwa?
Babban fasali
Rockrose daga Cartagena wani nau'i ne na musamman daga kudu maso gabashin Spain kuma dangi ne cistaceae. Isananan nau'ikan phanerogam ne kuma a halin yanzu mai hatsarin gaske
Shrub ne wanda yawanci yakan kai santimita 80-90 a tsayi. Ya kasance yana da rassa sosai kuma akan rassan yana da gashi masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke kare garkuwar daga sanyi da kwari. Ganyen saman yana da zafi kuma ƙananan sun fi petiolate. Fet ɗin petals ƙananan ne, suna auna har zuwa 25 mm a tsayi, kuma babban launinsu ruwan hoda ne tare da wasu ɗigon ruwan rawaya mai mahimmanci.
Dutse na Cartagena yana da 'ya'yan itacen da aka lullube shi zuwa girman 9 mm a tsayi. Tana da siffar duniya kuma 'ya'yanta suna da launin ruwan kasa.
Mahalli da yanki na rarrabawa
Ana amfani da waɗannan tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin zafi mafi girma, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke ɓangare na bishiyoyin thermophilic. Waɗannan kaurin suna haɓaka a ɓangaren yanayin da ke da halaye masu ƙanƙanci da bushewa. Ana samun su a Murcia, galibi, kuma suna rayuwa a cikin dajin da Brachypodium retusum ya mamaye kuma wanda yake a tsawan kusan 100 zuwa 200 mita.
Ana iya samun wannan shuka a ciki yankin Murcia na Peña del Águila a farkon karni na 1986. Koyaya, yawan mutane yayi ƙanƙan kuma yana da wahalar samu wanda yasa aka ɗauke shi dadadden shuka ne har zuwa XNUMX. A cikin wannan shekarar an sami samfurin da ba zai iya samar da iri ba a Valencia.
Daga baya, a cikin 1993, an sake gano wasu samfura a cikin Peña del Águila amma gobarar daji ta lalata su. Bayan wannan wutar, sun sami damar murmurewa kuma ci gaba 26 sabon mutane kuma waɗannan za'a iya sake hayayyafa.
ilmin halitta
Wannan shuka shine hermaphrodite kuma yawanci kwari ne wadanda suke cikin umarnin Coleoptera da Hymenoptera (galibi beetles da kudan zuma). Kowace shekara tana yin furanni, kodayake yana da ƙaranci saboda yanayin ɗabi'arsa, ma'ana, saboda haɗuwa da juna tsakanin mutane daban-daban. Wannan ya sanya jan hankalin su ga masu zaben. A kan wannan aka ƙara cewa furannin na ɗan lokaci kaɗan don haka, a tsakanin dutsen, su yi gasa. Wani lamarin da yake rage yawan 'ya'yan itace shine consanguinity.
Dutse na Cartagena yana watsa ƙwayarsa ta iska ko kuma aikin dabbobi. Da zarar an ajiye su a kasa, tururuwa na dauke su. Lokacin da suke jike, sai su zama tsaba mai ɗauke da itace wacce ke makalewa ga fata ko gashin dabbobi kuma ana iya fadada su a yankuna.
Barazana
A halin yanzu, jara de Cartagena yana cikin haɗari. Wannan halin ya sa masu binciken daga Makarantar Injiniyoyin Noma na Jami'ar Kimiyyar Kimiyya da fasaha ta Cartagena suka samar da wani aiki bisa la’akari da dabarun farfadowa da kiyaye wannan nau’in. Yawancin ayyukan wannan aikin sun fara ne a cikin Janairu 2017 kuma sun sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bambance-bambancen na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Masunta, Abinci da Muhalli da Ma'aikatar Ruwa, Noma da Muhalli na Yankin Murcia.
Doka ta 42/2007, ta 13 ga Disamba, kan al'adun gargajiya da halittu daban-daban shine wanda ke tsara dukkan nau'ikan barazanar da ke da kaddarorin mallaka. Rukunan barazanar da aka tattara ta jajayen littattafai da jerin ja ba masu ɗauka bane ko doka, don haka kawai suna da ilimin kimiyya da bayani. A saboda wannan dalili, aiki yana gudana tsawon watanni don sanya wannan shuka a cikin Doka kamar a cikin "mawuyacin haɗari" na ƙarewa don aiwatar da tsauraran matakai masu ƙarfi da ayyuka na kiyayewa.
Dangane da babban haɓakar ɗan adam da ke cikin birane da kuma tasirin da muke haifarwa akan mahalli, ana matsawa wannan tsiron. Bugu da kari, an kara masa ilmin halitta mai rikitarwa da kuma rashin nasarar haihuwa wanda yake da shi kuma yana yiwuwa a sami tsire-tsire da ke da barazanar barazana sama da sauran.
Maido da aikin kiyayewa
Don kiyaye yawan mutanen da ke cikin duwatsu da hana ɓacewa, an gudanar da ayyuka iri-iri. An kira babban aikin don kiyaye rockrose «Ayyuka don dawo da kiyaye halittu masu haɗari Jara de Cartagena (Cistus heterophyllus ƙasa. karhaginensis) ".
Gidan Tarihi na Archaeological na Murcia ya gudanar da taro na tsawon watanni 14 inda aka sanar da baƙi game da mahimman halayen tsire-tsire, yanki na rarrabawa da wurin zama, haifuwarsa da kuma barazanar da ake yi yanzu. Wannan aikin ya samo asali ne daga masu binciken daga Makarantar Injiniya na Agronomic na Jami'ar Polytechnic na Cartagena, tare da tallafin Gidauniyar Dabbobi, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Masunta, Abinci da Muhalli, da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Al'adu da Muhalli na Yankin na Murcia.
An kuma haɓaka ayyukan da nufin rage barazanar a cikin ta A haɗe da dabarun dawo da yanayin a cikin yanayi, da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a.
Daga cikin matakan da ake aiwatarwa don kare tsire-tsire akwai ƙirƙirar sabbin cibiyoyin yawan mutane 6 na dutsen daga Cartagena a yankin rarraba ta. Tana cikin yankin shakatawa na Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas da Peña del Águila.
Dangane da matsanancin halin da ya ɓace gaba ɗaya, an yi ƙoƙari don kiyaye bambancin halittarta tare da dabarun kiyaye yanayin wurin, kafa tsire-tsire a cikin Cibiyar Kula da raasa ta Dabba da kuma tarin al'adun in vitro da za a kula da su a Jami'ar Polytechnic na Cartagena Kwafin tsaro a cikin gajeren matsakaici. Hakanan an yi amfani da wasu fasahohi don gano wasu tsofaffin abubuwan da ke nunawa Haɗuwa ya faru a cikin mazaunin tsakanin Cartagena rockrose da farin rockrose, wanda ya fi yawa.
Yana da mahimmanci a sanar da jama'a game da halin da wannan shuka take, wanda aka gudanar da kamfen din wayar da kai da dama akan dutse har ma da bangaren yara.
A cikin wannan bidiyon zaku iya sanin dutsen Cartagena cikin zurfin:
Kamar yadda kake gani, wannan tsiron shine ƙarshen yankinmu kuma yana da halaye na musamman waɗanda suka sa shi na musamman. Dole ne mu ba da gudummawa ga kiyayewarta don kaucewa lalacewarta gaba ɗaya.