Tsarin halittu ya dogara da yawancin hanyoyin halittu masu amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don rayuwar ta dace. A gefe guda, muna da sake zagayowar carbon wanda ke tabbatar da kwararar abubuwan gina jiki ga kwayoyin. A gefe guda, muna da sake zagayowar nitrogen. Dukkanin kwayoyin suna dogaro ne da wannan cigaban halittar don cigaba da cigaba.
Sabili da haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye da muhimmancin kewayon nitrogen.
Mene ne sake zagayowar nitrogen?
Yana da tsarin sunadarai da tsarin rayuwa wanda ke bada damar wadatar halittu masu rai da sinadarin nitrogen domin cigaban su. Akwai tafkuna daban-daban, matakai kuma yana da mahimmancin gaske ga rayuwar ɗan adam a wannan duniyar tamu. Kamar yadda yake tare da sake zagayowar carbon, akwai hanyoyin fitar da wannan sinadarin da hanyoyin sha. Matsakaicin nitrogen na duniya dole ne ya daidaita don abubuwa suyi aiki daidai. Tunda mutane suna haifar da tasiri daban-daban na muhalli akan sikeli na duniya, wannan tasirin nitrogen yana shafar sosai.
Daga cikin halayen da muke samu na wannan zagayen ilimin halittun jiki zamu ga asalinsa. Ya samo asali ne daga kirkirar sabbin halittun nukiliya, abubuwan sinadarai wadanda ba na karafa ba a cikin yanayin iskar gas. Wannan sake zagayowar yana bayyana kansa a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta. Aikin wadannan abubuwan yana farawa ne daga asarar wutan lantarki wanda yana bada damar yin amino acid, DNA da sunadarai. Godiya ga wannan abun, zagayen nitrogen yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakar shuke-shuke da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta.
Tunda wannan zagayen biogeochemical yana da mahimmanci ga cigaban rayuwa, dole ne mu koyi kiyaye shi.
Ruwan nitrogen a ma'aunin duniya
Zamuyi nazarin wadanne sune madatsun ruwa na nitrogen a kewayen duniya. Kashi na farko na wannan tafkin shi ne yanayi. Kasancewar nitrogen a cikin yanayi shi ne 78% kuma shine mafi yawancin duk wannan shimfidar iska. Kodayake nitrogen yana aiki kuma baya aiwatar da kowane irin abu tare da sauran gas, yana cika aikinsa a duk wannan.
Sauran ɓangaren tafkin nitrogen ana samun sa a cikin duwatsu masu laushi. Akwai adadin 21% nitrogen wanda aka gauraya da kwayoyin halitta kuma aka rarraba a cikin tekuna. Kada mu manta cewa a cikin rayuwar ruwa ana bukatar sinadarin nitrogen don samun damar bunkasa yadda ya kamata. Akwai halittu da yawa da suke buƙatar nitrogen a cikin kwanakin su yau don samun damar cika ayyukansu.
Kashi na ƙarshe na tafkin nitrogen sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Orananan kwayoyin da ke shiga cikin zagayar nitrogen masu gyara ne, masu bayar da nitri da masu karyatawa. Gyara abubuwa sune masu gyara nitrogen a jikinka wani a wani jikin. Nitrifiers sune wadanda suke cin abincin nitrogen a matsayin wani bangare na sauran kwayoyin halitta. Denitrifiers sune wadanda ke cire nitrogen sakamakon wani tasirin sinadaran.
Lokaci na sake zagayowar nitrogen
Nitrogen zai canza a dukkan bangarorin sa na zagayowar. Duk tsawon zagayen nitrogen mun sami matakai daban-daban wanda wannan gas ɗin ke ɗaukar mahimmancin ɗaya ko wani. Bari mu bincika wanene manyan sifofi na zagayowar nitrogen:
- Gyarawa: A wannan yanayin, dukkanin rayayyun halittu zasu iya amfani da nitrogen na yanayi wanda zai iya amfani dashi ta hanyar abiotic. Hanyar abiotic ita ce wacce ba ta da rai, kamar makamashin lantarki da ke ƙunshe cikin walƙiya da hasken rana. A gefe guda kuma, muna da hanyar halittu, wanda shine bangaren da ake samun nitrogen daga ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin ƙasa.
- Assimilation: yayin wannan lokacin nitrates sun fita waje. A nan tsire-tsire suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Nitrates sun ragu zuwa nitrite a cikin cytoplasm na kwayoyin shuka. An haɗa wannan ta hanyar tushen tsirrai. Waɗannan rayayyun halittu suna amfani da nitrogen azaman abinci don girma da haifuwa.
- Ificationaddamarwa: Lokaci ne na sake zagayowar nitrogen inda aka canza nitrogen zuwa ammonium ion saboda aikin microorganisms na aerobic.
- Tsarkakewa: bangare ne na aiwatarwa wanda ya kunshi hada kwayoyin halitta na ammonium ta kananan kwayoyin cuta. Nitrification yana bawa ammonia nitrogen damar komawa cikin kasar da shuke-shuke ke amfani da shi a cikin sinadarin nitric.
- Motsa jiki: shi ne kishiyar tsari zuwa nitrification.
- Tabbatarwa: shi ne kishiyar tsari na gyarawa. A wannan yanayin, numfashi na anaerobic (in babu oxygen) shine yake dawo da nitrogen zuwa yanayi kuma nitrate ya narke cikin ruwa. Tabbatarwa shine lokaci na ƙarshe na sake zagayowar nitrogen inda komai ya koma asalin sa.
Mahimmanci
A karshe, zamuyi nazari ne kan mahimmancin kewayen nitrogen don cigaban rayuwa kamar yadda muka sani. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, sake zagayowar nitrogen yana da mahimmancin gaske ga kwayoyin halittu masu rai kuma koyaushe zasu iya amfani da ilimin halitta. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar DNA, amino acid, sunadarai da nucleic acid. Hakanan ya zama wani ginshiki mai mahimmanci ga ci gaba da haɓaka aikin gona. Kar mu manta cewa yawancin takin zamani da ake amfani da su a harkar noma don saurin ci gaban amfanin gona sunadaran nitrogen ne.
Wannan zagayen ya kunshi duk wani motsi na nitrogen daga sararin samaniya, inda wannan sinadarin yafi yawa, da kuma yanayin rayuwa, wanda anan ne dukkan rayayyun halittu suke zaune. Wani mahimmin al'amari shine cewa babban ayyukan ɗan adam yana shafar zagayen nitrogen. Idan aka yi la'akari da ayyukan ƙazantawa da ke gudana a yau, wasu ayyukan kamar waɗannan suna shafar: zurfin namo, yawan amfani da takin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, sare bishiyoyi, zubewa ko cream na mai waɗanda ke da nitrogen, tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki da sauran ayyuka.
Duk waɗannan ayyukan ɗan adam suna haifar da tasiri iri-iri akan sake zagayowar nitrogen kuma suna haifar da matsaloli kamar gurɓataccen ruwa, ruwan sama na ruwa da kuma ƙaruwa a sakamakon tasirin yanayi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da zagayowar nitrogen da mahimmancinsa.