Endive, wanda kuma aka sani da curly chicory, kayan lambu ne da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin salads saboda yana ɗauke da sinadirai masu yawa waɗanda ke da matukar amfani a gare mu, kamar su cobalt, iron, magnesium da zinc. Har ila yau suna da kaddarorin da yawa kamar su appetizing, abubuwan motsa jiki, tsarkakewa, diuretic, laxative, shakatawa da tonic. Bugu da kari ga multivitamins kamar bitamin A, B1, B2, C da K. Wadannan su ne dalilan da ya sa mutane da yawa mamaki ta yaya. shuka escarole.
A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku lokacin da yadda ake shuka escarole da abin da ya kamata ku yi la’akari da shi.
Bukatun don dasa shuki escarole
Temperatura
Kamar kabeji, escarole yana jure wa ƙananan yanayin zafi fiye da yanayin zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki zai kasance tsakanin matsakaicin 30ºC da mafi ƙarancin 6ºC, kodayake escarole na iya jure yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -6ºC. A cikin al'ada, yayin lokacin girma, Ana buƙatar 14-18ºC a rana da 5-8ºC da dare.
- A cikin zuciya na ƙarshe, ana buƙatar 10-12ºC a rana da 3-5ºC da dare.
- Yanayin zafin ƙasa bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 6-8 ° C ba.
- Yanayin da ake buƙata don germination yana a 22-24ºC na kwanaki 2-3.
Haushi
Saboda tsarin tushen endive yana da ƙananan ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da sassan iska, yana da matukar damuwa ga rashin danshi kuma ba zai iya jure wa lokutan fari ba, duk da haka taƙaitaccen lokaci, saboda suna haifar da "ƙona tip" kuma suna son "flowering".
Saboda haka, a farkon 30 cm na ƙasa. Danshin kasa ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance kusa da kashi 60% na karfin filin sa. An wuce gona da iri na zafi muhalli ni'ima bayyanar cututtuka.
Yawancin lokaci
Mafi kyawun ƙasa don wannan amfanin gona shine wanda ke da nau'in yumbu-loam. Yana goyan bayan acidity fiye da alkalinity. Mafi kyawun pH shine tsakanin 6 da 7. Yana son acidity zuwa alkalinity. Ƙasar da ke cikin dukan amfanin gona ya kamata a kasance da ɗanɗano, ko da yake saman saman ya kamata a bayyane ya bushe don hana wuyan wuyansa.
Matakai don shuka escarole
Tsarin amfanin gona mai ƙarewa yana ɗan tsayi kaɗan kuma ba a bayyana shi ba, tun da yanke za a iya ƙarawa ko žasa, dangane da nauyin da ake so, buƙatun kasuwa har ma da tsarin aikin gona.
Da farko za a daidaita ƙasa. musamman a yanayin kasa mai cike da ruwa. Daga baya, furrowing zai ci gaba kuma a karshe injin ridge zai yi alamar wurin da tsire-tsire suke, sai dai yin ƙananan furrows don ɗaukar dripper idan an yi amfani da ban ruwa na gida.
Ana yin dasa shuki a cikin gandun daji ta atomatik ta amfani da tsaba da aka yi wa pelletized. Tsire-tsire za su kasance a cikin gandun daji tsakanin kwanaki 30 zuwa 35. Za a yi amfani da tiren polystyrene mai raka'a 260 Za a sanya su a cikin ɗaki tare da kewayon zafin jiki na 20-25ºC.
Daga baya, an mayar da trays ɗin zuwa wani greenhouse tare da raga na antithrips don hana yaduwar cutar. Za a kula da tire don magance kwari da cututtuka.
Ana yin dashen dashen ne da hannu, ko da yake an fara amfani da dashen a kwanan nan. escarole ana iya sanya shi a cikin layuka ɗaya ko biyu tare da sarari na 30 zuwa 40 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire. Yawan shuka yakan bambanta tsakanin 45.000 zuwa 55.000 shuka/ha.
Ban ruwa da takin zamani
A cikin makon farko bayan dasawa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tsarin wayar hannu don ban ruwa na sprinkler. A lokacin farkon ciyayi na shuka, dole ne a kiyaye danshi na ƙasa don haɓaka tushen tushe da haɓaka tushen.
Yawan ban ruwa ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa, salinity na ruwa da yanayin yanayi. Yawancin lokaci, ruwa kowane kwana 1-2, sai dai a cikin kasa mai yashi wanda dole ne a sha ruwa fiye da sau ɗaya a rana.
Tsarin shayarwa zai kasance abu na farko da safe ko kuma da yamma, idan an shayar da shi a lokacin zafi, ana iya samun rashin daidaituwa, wanda zai haifar da rawaya ga ganye da gurɓataccen ciyayi.
A cikin yanayin noman greenhouse, hadi zai dogara ne akan amfanin gona kafin da bayan latas. Za a iya samar da 3 kg/m2 na takin da ya lalace sosai lokacin da amfanin gona na gaba ya buƙaci shi, ba lallai ba ne idan amfanin gona da ya gabata ya kasance.
Tushen taki na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi 50 g/m2 na takin mai magani 8-15-15, ko da yake wannan ba yawanci ya zama dole a cikin greenhouses kamar yadda endive sau da yawa ne na biyu hatsi filler amfanin gona.
Yana da amfanin gona mai yawan buƙatun potassium. A cikin ban ruwa mai nauyi, yawan aikace-aikacen takin ciyawa ya kai kusan 3 g/m2 na nitrogen a kowace ban ruwa, kuma a kowane hali ba ya wuce 10 g/m2. Idan ba a buƙatar ban ruwa, ana iya amfani da takin foliar lokacin da tsire-tsire ke buƙatar shigar da nitrogen.
Whitening lokacin dasa shuki escarole
Dole ne a gudanar da sarrafa ciyawa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa don rage tasirin muhalli na ayyukan ciyawa. A cikin noma na ƙarshe don magance ciyawa na shekara-shekara, ana ba da shawarar Propyzamide 40% azaman dakatarwa mai ƙarfi a kashi na 1,75-3,75 l / ha.
A cikin escarole, manufar ita ce bleach ganye da rage haushi. Blanching shi za a iya yi ta hanyoyi da yawa, dangane da irin letas:
- A cikin yanayin babban diamita curly chicory. Ana yin shi ta hanyar ɗaure ganyen waje tare da raffia, esparto ko wani abu.
- A cikin ƙaramin caliber curly chicory, ana yin shi ta amfani da kararrawa mai jujjuyawa.
- Don ƙarshen ƙarshen ganye, blanch ta ninke kowace ganye zuwa ciki don samar da "nau'in kai," waɗanda aka danna tare don samar da cibiyar farar ganye. Idan ana buƙatar sassa masu inganci don irin wannan, Hakanan ana iya daidaita su zuwa ƙasa ta amfani da murfin polyethylene mai jujjuya tare da sandunan ƙarfe.
- Hakanan zaka iya rufe ko inuwa shuke-shuke da filayen filastik mai faɗi ko ƙasa da haka.
Kamar yadda kake gani, dasa shuki escarole yana buƙatar ƙasa, ban ruwa da buƙatun kulawa waɗanda dole ne a cika idan muna son samun girbi mai kyau. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake shuka escarole, halayensa da lokacin da za a dasa shi.