Mafi yawan mutane a wani lokaci suna cin pistachios kai tsaye ko a kaikaice (a cikin abinci da aka shirya). Kodayake kayan abinci ne tare da kyakkyawan amfani na kiwon lafiya, fewan kaɗan ne suka san wannan shuka.
Lokacin da muke magana game da dasa pistachios da thea fruitan itacen, zamu koma zuwa seedsa ofan bishiyar pistachio. Wadannan yawanci yawanci suna koren launi mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano kaɗan. A ka'ida, abin da kuka taɓa ci ana kiransa kwayoyi, amma a matakin tsirrai, pistachios sune tsaba da kansu. Bari mu ga yadda da lokacin shuka pistachios.
Yadda ake shuka pistachios?
Dole ne ku sani cewa hatsi suna da launuka daban-daban. Waɗannan na iya zama na launin rawaya har sai sun sami sautin ɗan kore. Game da girmanta, abu na yau da kullun shine ya kai kusan 3 cm tsawo kuma kusan 1.5 cm fadi.
Yau pistachios suna da babban shahara a kasuwa. Wannan ba wai kawai saboda abinci ne mai ƙarancin adadin kuzari ba, amma kuma Hakanan itace busasshen fruita fruitan itace wanda yake da wadataccen phytosterols, antioxidants, yawan adadin bitamin, fiber da sauransu.
Idan kana mamaki asalin wannan tsiro mai ban mamaki, har zuwa yau babu tabbas game da asalinsu, kodayake akwai alamar cewa mai yiwuwa sun samo asali ne daga Asiya ta Tsakiya.
A halin yanzu, fitarwa da noman pistachio na faruwa galibi a ƙasashe kamar:
- Turkiya.
- Iran.
- Syria
Amma kuma pistachio na iya girma cikin kowane yanayi mai zafi ko bushe. Wannan mahimmin mahimmanci ne don haɓaka da nomansa. Babban abin da ya kamata ku bayyana a fili kafin fara aikin shuka, shine sanin ko zakuyi amfani da hanyar noman ta hanyar tsaba ko tsirrai.
Ko da kuwa zaɓin ka, duka zaɓuɓɓuka masu sauƙi ne don aiwatarwa. Kuma me yafi kyau zaka iya yinta a duk wata gandun daji ko lambun da kake so.
Yanzu, akwai da dama daga bukatun da dole ne ku cika don pistachio da zarar kun dasa shi, za a iya haɓaka daidai. Wadannan bukatun sun hada da:
- Tana da ƙasa mai halaye masu yashi.
- Dole ne ƙasa ko ƙasa su sami magudanan ruwa mai kyau.
- Kasance da sararin samaniya don tsiro ya bunkasa kuma ba karamin tasirin sararin samaniya ko kasancewar wani jinsi daban ya shafe shi ba.
- Yi zurfin da ake buƙata don shuka, tunda jinsi ne da ke buƙatar zurfin zurfin tushen sa.
- Yanayin da dole ne ya zama dole ya zama busasshe kuma rana.
- Dole ne shuka ta kasance a tsayi kusan kusan mita 500 sama da matakin teku.
Wannan shine duk abin da kuke buƙatar ba da tsire-tsire na pistachio, wuri mai kyau don ci gaban ku. Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa wannan tsire-tsire ne wanda baya buƙatar shayarwa koyaushe.
To ya kamata ku san hakan yana da ikon yin tsayayya har zuwa shekaru 5 ba tare da karɓar digo ɗaya na ruwa ba, yana mai da shi tsiro mai tsananin fari. Yana da ƙari, sosai don haka za a iya dasa shi kuma a horar da shi a cikin ƙasa tare da halaye na gishiri kuma a matsayin misali zamu iya sanya nau'in da ake kira pistachio na kasar Sin.
Yadda ake shuka pistachio?
Dole ne ku bi waɗannan matakan masu zuwa idan kuna son cin nasarar samun cikakken shuka pistachio. Don haka a ƙasa za mu nuna muku wasu matakai ko tukwici don la'akari.
Dole ne ku dasa bishiyar pistachio a cikin wani wuri inda yanayin zafin jiki yana tsakanin 30 ° -40 ° latitude. Wannan dalilin ne yasa nomansa ke da wuya, tunda akwai yankuna kalilan a duniya wadanda suke da wannan yanayin wurin.
Kasan inda zai zama tsiro pistachio dole ne ya zama yashi kuma yana da kyakkyawan tsarin magudanar ruwa. Arin yanayin ƙirar hamada, mafi kyau. Lokacin fara shuka shine lokacin sanyi. Wannan saboda, a wannan lokacin na shekara, shukar tana fara aiwatarwa ko halin koma bayan tattalin arziki.
Yanayin zafin da ake bukata daga tsiron pistachio bai gaza -10 ° C ba kuma bai kamata ya zama ya fi 40 ° C. ba, Idan tsire-tsire yana cikin wannan gefen, zai iya haɓaka gaba ɗaya ta ɗabi'a.
A watannin farko da kake da dasa shuki (idan haka ne), babu matsala idan an ajiye shi a wuri mai yanayin zafi kadan. A zahiri, wannan na iya zuwa hanya mai tsawo don sauƙaƙa fure.
San irin nau'in tsiron pistachio da kuke dashi. Wato idan tsiron namiji ne ko mace. Amma ana ba da shawarar cewa, idan kuna nufin samun amfanin gona na pistachio, kuna da nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri ɗaya. Wannan saboda sauki dalilin cewa zai taimaka matuka a aikin zaben kuma tare da ita, ci gaban fruitsa fruitsan ta.
Idan niyyar ku ita ce samun shuka tare da shuke-shuke da yawa na pistachio, ku tuna da hakan rabuwa tsakanin kowane bene dole ne ya zama aƙalla bakwai daga nesa, idan mukayi magana dangane da layuka, kodayake kuma zaka iya samun nisan mita 5.
A lokacin farkon shekaru 6 na rayuwa, dole ne ka datsa shukar. Wannan don samun shi don mallakar takamaiman fasali. Sannan ba zai zama dole ba, kamar yadda tsire-tsire za su ci gaba tare da siffar da kuka ba ta a farkon shekarunta.
Game da shayar da tsire, wannan zai dogara sosai akan bambancin da kuke dashi. Amma gabaɗaya, shuka wannan yana buƙatar tsakanin 300 zuwa 600 mm na ruwa a shekara. A yankunan da ke da yanayi mara kyau, ana ba da shawarar cewa ban ruwa ya zama mita dubu 4000 na ruwa a kowace shekara kuma ya zama sau ɗaya kawai a mako. Wannan a bayyane yake duk lokacin da muke magana game da gonaki masu yawa.
Godiya ga halayen jiki na shuka, pistachio yana da matukar tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka. Kodayake kwari ne wadanda ke yawan cizon 'ya'yan itatuwa ne kawai ke lalata mutuncin shuka.
Da zarar tsire-tsire ya sami nasarar haɓaka 'ya'yanta, Wadannan dole ne a tattara su a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko, kasawa hakan, a farkon Satumba. Ya kamata a faɗi cewa dole ne a yi tarin muddin 'ya'yan itacen suna da yanayi tare da launuka masu launin ja-ja kuma lokacin da kuma kuka lura cewa harsashi ya ɗan buɗe.
Tare da waɗannan bayanan, yanzu kuna shirye don shuka da haɓaka pistachio. An ba da shawarar cewa kana da babban fili sab thatda haka, ba a iyakance ka zuwa kofi ɗaya kawai ba, amma don samun samfuran da yawa, wanda a tsawon shekaru, zai samar da wadataccen pistachio don amfanin ku kuma me zai hana ku siyar da ɗan kaɗan ku sami riba mara amfani.