Menene tsire-tsire masu parasitic?

A cikin dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka da gandun daji akwai tsire-tsire iri-iri iri-iri. Bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, inabai, da furanni waɗanda suke yin abin da zasu iya don sha hasken hasken rana da suke buƙata. Mafi yawansu ba sa cutar da takwarorinsu da yawa, fiye da gwagwarmayar halitta don samun abinci da ruwa daga ƙasa; amma akwai wasu da suke amfani da ƙoƙarin waɗannan tsire-tsire don rayuwa. Shin kiran shuke-shuke parasitic.

Akwai da yawa fiye da yadda kuke tsammani. A zahiri, an kiyasta cewa akwai aƙalla nau'ikan 4100 a kusan iyalai 19 na angiosperm. Amma, menene halayensu?

Menene tsire-tsire masu parasitic?

Yana da kusan shuke-shuke da ke samun wasu ko duk abubuwan gina jiki da suke buƙata don ci gaban su daga wata shuka. Suna da halin samun ingantaccen tushe, wanda aka fi sani da haustorium, wanda ya ratsa tsire-tsire mai masaukin kuma ya haɗa shi da xylem (nama mai laushi wanda ke gudanar da ruwan itace da goyan bayan tsire-tsire), phloem (abin sarrafawa mai alhakin jigilar kwayoyin halitta abinci mai gina jiki da inorganic), ko duka biyun.

Akwai nau'ikan parasitism da yawa:

• Dogaro m: tsire ne da yake buƙatar mai masaukinsa ya rayu.
• M parasite: tsire-tsire ne wanda zai iya rayuwa da kansa daga masu masaukinsa-
• Kara m: tsire-tsire ne da ke manne da ƙashin rundunar.
• Maganin tushe: tsire-tsire ne da ke manne da tushen rundunar.
• Holoparasite: tsire-tsire ne wanda yake inganta wasu halittun tunda bashi da chlorophyll.
• Hemiparasite: tsire-tsire ne wanda a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi yayi kama da parasite, amma kuma zai iya ɗaukar hoto zuwa wani mataki.

Waɗanne ne? Misalai

Cassythe

Su shuke-shuke ne na asalin Australiya, amma ana iya samunsu a Afirka, kudancin Asiya, arewacin Kudancin Amurka, Amurka ta Tsakiya, da Japan. Suna da kaɗan-kaɗan masu tushe, rawaya ko lemu. Ba tare da chlorophyll ba, yana amfani da maƙwabcinsa har abada.

Cuscuta

Su shuke-shuke ne masu laushi waɗanda suka fito daga arewa maso gabashin Turai da Kudancin Kudancin Amurka hakan suna da kaho mai kaushi wanda kusan babu ganye, rawaya, lemo ko ja a launi.

Hydnora

Su shuke-shuke ne na holoparasitic masu tushe daga asalin yankunan Afirka, Saudi Arabia da Madagascar. Suna girma a karkashin kasa, amma furen mai nama yana fitowa daga kasa wanda ke ba da warin najasa don jan hankalin masu zaɓe game da ita: ƙwaro.

Rhinanthus

Su ne tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da asalinsu zuwa Turai da yammacin Asiya, wanda girma cikin yankakken ciyawa, filayen ciyawa da dunes.

Shin kun ji game da tsire-tsire masu laushi? Shin kun san wasu?