A yau zamuyi magana ne game da wani nau'in kwaro wanda yake shafar amfanin gona da bishiyoyin kwalliya. Labari ne game da Sesia apiformis Nau'in lepidopteran ne wanda yake da halaye irin na huji wanda ya kasance na gidan Sesiidae. Wasu lokutan galibi akan same su akan tsirrai kamar Salix da Alnus. Matsalar irin wannan kwarin ita ce, lokacin da take cikin yanayin kwari, yawanci tana cin bishiyoyin jinsin Populus.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu fada muku dukkan halaye, tsarin rayuwa da kuma maganin Siffofin apiformis.
Babban fasali
Lokacin da muka ga samfurin samari Siffofin apiformis mun ga cewa yana da kamanni irin na zanzaro. Za'a iya rarrabe shi da sauƙi tunda yana da ciki a tsawaita thorax. Hakanan ana iya gane shi da sauƙi saboda eriya tana da launi iri biyu kuma baƙaƙe. Suna da makullin rawaya a tushe. Akwai wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin samfurin mace da na miji. Mata suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna da fikafikai fiye da na namiji. Wasu mata na iya aunawa har zuwa 45mm a tsayi.
Lokacin da suke larvae, yawanci suna auna har zuwa 55 mm a tsayi a matakinsu na ƙarshe. Ido tsirara yana gane su sau da sau tunda su larvae ne masu fari da hauren hauren hauren giwa da kai mai launin ruwan kasa mai goshi mai goshi mai kamar zuciya. Wadannan nau'ikan bambance-bambance sune suka banbanta shi da sauran masu hudawa da halaye iri daya.
Daya daga cikin sassan rayuwar wannan kwarin shine chrysalisation. Suna yin shi a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren poplar, a cikin asalin da bai fi zurfin ruwa ba. A wannan matakin, suna yin kwalliyar halayyar gaske waɗanda aka kiyaye ta da itacen itace. Wannan kariyar tana basu karfin gwiwa mai karfi da zasu iya zama kusa da ramin fita. Mace tana yin kwanciya a gindin bishiyoyi ko a kan tushen da ke kusa da gindinta. Yana da alhakin neman ƙananan ƙananan don iya ajiye ƙwai kuma tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye su. Abu ne gama gari ka ga yawan kwan da aka zube daga kasa. Koyaya, wannan ba matsala bane tunda mace zata iya saka tsakanin 1.500-2.000 a cikin kwanaki da yawa.
Tsarin halittu na Siffofin apiformis
Zamu duba menene matakai daban-daban da wannan kwaron ya shiga kuma wanda shine wanda zai iya lalata amfanin gona da bishiyoyi. Kafin chrysalising, katanga ta sanya rami don zagawa a gindin akwatin. Cocoons ɗin da katakon bishiyar bishiyar katako ke cinyewa shine malam buɗe ido yake iya fita waje. Wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara daga tsakiyar watan Mayu kuma zai iya wucewa har zuwa farkon rabin Yuli.
Duk maza da mata, da zarar sun fita waje, don shimfida fikafikansu su tsaya a rana a jikin wasu bishiyoyi. Mata suna da alhaki don fitar da hotunan halittar su don jan hankalin maza. Ana fitar da pheromones daga eriya kuma ana amfani dasu don samar da kwafi. Da zarar mace ta sami tallafi, yana motsawa zuwa ga tushen wuya, kyakkyawan farkon gangar jikin kuma shine inda aka sa ƙwai.
Caterpillars na farko waɗanda aka haifa suna yin hakan a tsakiyar watan Yuni, lokacin da yanayin zafi ya fara tashi kuma yanayin yana da daɗin ci gaban su da ci gaban su. Suna shiga cikin ɓarkewar ɓawon iccen bishiyoyi kuma anan ne aka ce za'a ciyar dashi akan cambium. Don yin wannan, koyaushe suna yin ɗakunan ajiya a cikin hanyar ƙasa waɗanda ke ƙaruwa cikin diamita yayin girman ƙirar. Wannan shine yadda suke ciyarwa duk lokacin bazara kuma a tsakiyar Oktoba da farkon Nuwamba don yin kwakwa a cikin akwati.
Daga baya, chrysalisation yana faruwa tsakanin watannin Maris zuwa Yuni kuma yana a farawa a watan Mayu idan muka ga manya sun sake maimaita tsarin nazarin halittu.
Lalacewa ga Siffofin apiformis
Mun yi sharhi cewa Siffofin apiformis kwaro ne wanda ya zama kwaro kuma yake lalata amfanin gona. Kuma shine wannan kwaron yana matukar shafar samuwar bishiyoyi. Mafi yawan barnar da suke yi ana yin ta ne lokacin da suke larva. Gidajen da suke yi kuliyoyi sune suke haifarda ɓarkewar ruwan hancin. A sabili da wannan, ɓangaren bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa sun fara rauni, suna jagorantar lokuta da yawa zuwa lalacewar injiniyan su saboda aikin iska.
Wani mahimmin lalacewa na Siffofin apiformis shine lalata katako mafi darajar don samarwa a masana'antar katako. Kuma shine cewa poplar yana da ɗayan mafi kyaun katako dangane da inganci kuma wannan kwaron yana lalata shi. Dole ne a yi la'akari da taka tsantsan a farkon sulusin farko na itacen, wanda a nan ne caterpillars suka fi aiki. Dole ne a sanya wa gonakin poplar ido don kada wadannan kwari su shafesu.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
Zamu binciki menene hanyoyin sarrafa hanyoyi daban daban wadanda suke akwai domin rage yawan mutanen Siffofin apiformis kuma ba cutar da poplar ba. Saboda kwari ne suka kwashe yawancin rayuwarsu a cikin gidajen kallo za'a iya magance shi da sinadarai kawai. Wadannan sinadarai dole ne ayi amfani dasu cikin kankanin lokaci, wanda shine lokaci tsakanin kyankyasar kwan da shigar kuturu cikin bishiyar.
Sai kawai a wannan lokacin a cikin yanayin rayuwa inda larvae ke da saukin kamuwa da sinadarai kuma ana iya sarrafa yawan jama'a da kyau. Wadannan jiyya an fi mayar dasu ne da kwarkwata a farkon matakan su kafin a fara gabatar dasu cikin bishiyoyi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Siffofin apiformis da halayensu.