Kodayake muna ganin tsire-tsire suna haɓakawa koyaushe, suna da babbar matsala don fuskantar ci gaba. Yakamata suyi ƙoƙarin samun iskar carbon dioxide gwargwadon iko ta hanyar sarrafa hotuna da kuma rike ruwa gwargwadon iko. Don ɗaukar iskar carbon dioxide daga sararin samaniya, suna buƙatar gabobin da aka sani da stomata. Waɗannan sune ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman waɗanda aka samo su a cikin epidermis na shuke-shuke kuma suna da wannan aikin.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da stomata da aikinsu a cikin tsire-tsire.
Menene stomata
Ana samun carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya amma yana da narkewa sosai. Kashi 0.03% ne kawai na iska a sararin samaniya shine carbon dioxide. Sabili da haka, suna buƙatar takamaiman gabobi don su sami damar karɓar iskar gas da aiwatar da hotuna. Gabobin da ke da alhakin shan carbon dioxide sune stomata. Wadannan stomata ba komai bane illa paso ko buɗaɗɗun buɗaɗɗu waɗanda za'a iya ƙayyade su kuma samu a cikin kayan epidermal. Sun kasance ne daga wasu ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman da ake kira occlusive cells.
Ana kiran pore da ke samarwa ta hanyar stomata ostiole. Ostiolus shine ke kula da sadarwa a cikin shuka tare da rami da ake kira ɗakin da ke ƙasa. A gefen kowane tantanin halitta mai rikitarwa akwai ƙwayoyin epidermal da yawa waɗanda ake kira sashin biyu ko kuma ƙwayoyin kayan haɗi. Idan ya zo ga buɗewa ko rufe stomata, ƙwayoyin ɓoye ne ke sarrafa shi.
Ana iya cewa stomata Su ne waɗanda ke wakiltar haɗi tsakanin mahalli da tsire-tsire. Asalin waɗannan stomata da alama sun samo asali ne lokacin da tsire-tsire suka canza yanayin su na asali daga ɓangaren ruwa kuma suke yiwa ƙasar mulkin mallaka. An gyara hanyar haɗa carbon dioxide da aka narkar a cikin muhalli. Daga shiga cikin iskar carbon dioxide da ke narkewa a cikin ruwa zuwa tace shi daga iska.
Babban fasali
Stomata ya kasance a cikin tsaran dukkanin sassan sassan shuka. Wadannan sassan iska suna yin sama ganye, korayen itace, furanni da fruitsa fruitsan developinga developingan ci gaba. Duk waɗannan abubuwan tsire-tsire suna da stomata don samun damar musanya oxygen da carbon dioxide daga yanayin. Akwai wasu tsire-tsire kamar su pisum sativum Hakanan yana da stomata akan asalinsu.
Zuwa yau, babu ɗayan waɗannan gabobin da aka samo a cikin algae, fungi ko wasu tsire-tsire masu parasitic waɗanda ba su da chlorophyll. Koyaya, suna nan a ciki bryophytes, pteridophytes da kwayar halitta. Dogaro da nau'in ganye, yawanci yana da yawan stomata. Kuma wannan shine sashin iska wanda yake da mafi yawan gas don musanyawa da yanayi.
Daya daga cikin matsalolin da tsirrai ke fuskanta a lokacin fari ko lokacin bazara shine asarar ruwa ta wannan musayar iskar gas. Kuma ita ce, lokacin da aka buɗe stomata, ba gas kawai ake musayar daga ciki zuwa bayan shuka ba, har ma da wani ɓangare na ruwan da shuka ke da shi a ciki yana kuɓu. Saboda wannan dalili, dole ne a kammala hotunan hoto a waɗancan lokutan na rana inda yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa kuma yawan zufa ita ce mafi ƙarancin. Saboda haka, tsire-tsire suna tabbatar da rashin asarar ruwa ta wannan musayar iskar gas.
Akasin abin da yawancin mutane ke tunani, akwai tsire-tsire masu yawa waɗanda basa yin hotunan hoto koyaushe a lokacin bazara ko lokacin rani. Suna yin hakan ne domin su tanadi ruwa gwargwadon iko kuma kada su bata komai ta zufa. Wata dabara ta rayuwa da sabawa da muhalli ita ce ta aiwatar da hotunan hoto kawai da sanyin safiya akwai maraice da rana. Wata dabara ce da ke taimakawa wajen adana ruwa mai yuwuwa, tunda insolation a wannan lokacin yayi ƙasa.
Don tasiri ƙananan adadin hasken rana akan stomata da farfajiyar shuka gabaɗaya, za a sami karancin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zufa.
Nau'o'in ganye dangane da wurin da ake kira stomata
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ganyayyaki sune sassan shuke-shuke waɗanda suke da stomata. Wannan saboda akwai ranakun kwanaki waɗanda aka tsara su ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa don samun damar musanya waɗannan gas tare da yanayi. Ya danganta da yawan stomata da wurin da aka samo su, za'a kira shi daban.
Waɗannan sune sunayen da aka karɓa gwargwadon wurin da suke:
- Tsinkaya: Waɗannan su ne ganye waɗanda ke da stomata kawai a kan fuskar adaxial ko dam ɗin. A yadda aka saba waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yawan bayyanar rana a ƙarshen rana. Hanya ce kawai da zasu iya musayar iskar gas tare da yanayi da aiwatar da hotuna.
- Hypostomatic: shin waɗancan ganyayyaki ne waɗanda suke da stomata kawai akan abaxial ko ƙasan. Wadannan nau'ikan ganye sune mafi yawan lokuta a kusan dukkanin bishiyoyi. Kuma wannan shine, duk da abin da jama'a ke tunani, yana ƙarƙashin ƙasan ganyayyaki inda aka sami stomata wanda ke amfani da musayar waɗannan gas da yanayi.
- Amsuwa: sune ganye waɗanda suke da stomata a ɓangarorin biyu. Kodayake suna da stomata a bangarorin biyu, sun fi dacewa da ƙari a ƙasa. Wannan yana faruwa musamman tare da tsire-tsire na dangin herbaceous.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa, ya danganta da nau'in, yanki na rarrabawa, yanayin ƙasa, yanayin, yawan hasken rana, hazo, da sauransu. Za a sami nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban waɗanda za su iya daidaitawa da waɗannan yanayin yanayin. Sabili da haka, zamu iya lura cewa yawa ko yawa na yawan stomata na shuka na iya bambanta sosai daga fewan dubbai zuwa dubbai a kowane murabba'in milimita. Wannan adadin stomata yana shafar yanayin halittar ganye da yanayin halittar su.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da stomata da aikinsu a cikin tsirrai.