La Dioscorea alata (yams) shine abincin abinci na yau da kullun ga miliyoyin mutane a duniya, musamman a yankuna masu zafi da yankuna masu zafi. Wannan kuma ana san shi da babban yam ko ruwa, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'o'in da aka haɓaka kuma an rarraba su sosai a cikin wurare masu zafi.
Duk da mahimmancin tattalin arziki da al'adu, abu kaɗan ne sananne game da asalinsa, bambancin da jinsin halittu. Sakamakon haka, yunƙurin kiwo don juriya da babbar cutar ta, anthracnose, ya iyakance matuƙa.
Tushen
An ce cewa Dioscorea alata ya samo asali ne daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda aka fara nomansa. An horar da shi ko'ina cikin yanki mai zafi da zafi kuma yana wakiltar mafi girman rarrabawar dioscoreas a duk duniya. Baya ga kudu maso gabashin Asiya, noman ta yaɗu sosai a cikin Caribbean (inda ake samun yayan mafi mahimmanci), a Yammacin Afirka (inda kawai ya wuce ta Dioscorea rotundata Poiret) kuma a cikin Oceania.
Tabbas shine mafi mahimmancin jinsi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma noman sa kusan yaɗu a duk ƙasashen yankin, musamman ma a Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines da Vietnam.
Halayen Dioscorea alata
Wannan tsiro ne mai matukar mahimmanci a cikin yankuna na wurare masu zafi, inda ake yaba shi sosai azaman abinci. Yana da tushe kuma a nau'in kwararan fitila sosai robust, wanda samar da tubers karkashin kasa tare da babban darajar abinci mai gina jiki. Bugu da kari, itaciyar hawa ce wacce ke da kyawawan kayan magani.
Ganyayyaki manya ne, masu siffa ta zuciya da launuka kore mai haske, suna iya kaiwa tsawon 25 cm. Jijiyoyin suna alama kuma babba iri-iri suna nuna sautunan launin shuɗi a kan ruwan. Shuka tana samar da tubers da bulblets (tubers na iska), wanda ke tsirowa daga axils na ganye. Waɗannan suna da madaidaiciya kuma suna da wadataccen carbohydrates, wanda ke ba da damar tsirar ta rayu a cikin yanayin busassun ƙasa sosai.
Kulawa
Tsirrai ne irin na yanayin wurare masu zafi, wanda ke bunkasa sosai a cikin yankuna masu zafi da zafi a cikin lattin band N da S na 30º (layin kwata-kwata). Yanayin da ya dace da wannan kayan lambu yana tsakanin 25 zuwa 30ºC, lokacin damina kusan 1.500mm / shekara, tare da ayyana lokacin rani na watanni 2 zuwa 5. Da Dioscorea alata baya jurewa sanyi da ƙasa da sanyi.
Yana buƙatar ƙasa mai haske tare da ƙarancin yashi mai yashi, mai zurfi, tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau, mai wadataccen abu, tare da kyakkyawan ƙarfin riƙe danshi. A lokacin lokacin girmanta, dole ne ƙasa ta kasance mai danshi. Ya kamata a guji ƙasan Acidic, yashi mai laushi na ƙasa da gangara wanda ke fuskantar lalatawa.
Al'adu
Wannan shuka ne mai yaduwa, ana yin nomansa ta cikin tubers duka ko yanki ɗaya na wannan. A cikin kowane tuber akwai lu'ulu'u da yawa waɗanda suke dasawa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya dace. Ana iya amfani dasu tare da nauyi tsakanin 50g da 250g.
Kawai tubers masu nauyin 150g ko fiye ya kamata a zaba don rabuwa gida biyu ko uku; Ana iya yin yankan a lokacin shuka ko tare da gajeriyar sanarwa (yanke kwanaki 3 kafin ko har zuwa kwana 1 kafin sanya yanki a inuwa). Ya kamata a adana gutsun a wuri mai iska kuma a kiyaye shi daga zafi, zafi da insolation.
Yana amfani
Abinci ne mai wadataccen carbohydrates, wanda ake cinyewa sosai a ƙasashe masu zafi, mai narkewa cikin sauƙi kuma ya dace da abinci. Yam yana da wadataccen sitaci, tushen tushen beta-carotene, bitamin C da B hadaddun; yana kuma dauke da sinadarin calcium, iron da phosphorus.
Yana da tsire-tsire kuma sananne ne saboda abubuwan da yake lalata shi da kuma tsabtace shiHakanan ana ba da shawarar don maganin cututtuka irin su rheumatism, amosanin gabbai, uric acid da kumburi gaba ɗaya. Kuma ana amfani dashi don rigakafin cututtukan da sauro ke yadawa, kamar su dengue, malaria da kuma yellow fever.
Hakanan yana da dukiyar sakewa da adana lafiyayyun hanyoyin garkuwar jiki. A Afirka ana cewa shine ke da alhakin karuwar haihuwa ga mata waɗanda suke amfani da shi a cikin abincin su a kai a kai.
Cututtuka da kwari
Mafi na kowa sune anthracnose, cutar da ke iyakance ci gaba da girma na Dioscorea alata da bushewar cuta, ta hanyar yam nematode.