Kana iwe wakateerera mukirasi yebiology, iwe zvechokwadi wakanzwa nezvezvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvirimwa. Zviri pachena kuti nyika yemiti yakakura. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti, imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo. Eya, vamwe vavo vane mitezo yokubereka nayo. Kunyangwe vasingashandise nzira imwechete kubereka sezvatinoita, hwaro hwakafanana: vanogadzira mhodzi dzine ruzivo rwese rwemajini izvo zvinozopedzisira zvapa kumuka kuhupenyu hutsva. Mastameni eruva anoita basa rinokosha mukuita uku.
Ndezvipi? Vanoitei? Kunyangwe vazhinji vachange vanzwa nezve iyi botanical izwi, havasi vese vachaziva mapindure emibvunzo iyi. Ndiko kusaka tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kutsanangura chii chinonzi stamens yeruva, inoiswa sei uye ndeapi mabasa avo. Muchidimbu: Zvese zvaunoda kuziva. Kana iwe uchifarira nyaya uye iwe uri vanoda botany, ini ndinokurudzira kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga, nekuti ichokwadi pfungwa yekutanga munyika yemiriwo.
Chii chinonzi stamens uye pistil?
Sezvo vamwe venyu vangave vachitoziva, mune mamwe marudzi emiti mune maruva echirume uye mamwe echikadzi. Vekupedzisira vane nhengo yavo yekubereka, inonzi pistil. Iyo inowanzo ine acorn-yakafanana chimiro uye inowanzowanikwa pakati peruva. Munyaya yemaruva ehermaphroditic, kureva, ayo ane nhengo dzevarume nevakadzi, inowanzokomberedzwa ne stamens.
Asi chii chinonzi stamens yeruva? Zvakanaka, kana pistil iri nhengo yechikadzi, stameni inhengo dzechirume. Ava ndivo vatakuri vezviya zvinonzi pollen sacs. Mavari, mbeu dzema pollen dzakagadzirwa, zvakakosha pakuberekwa uye kusvibiswa kwemhando iyi yemiti. Mastameni ese eruva anoumba boka rinonzi androecium. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvose angiosperms uye gymnosperms vane stamens, asi morphology yavo yakasiyana chaizvo mumapoka maviri. Zvisinei, isu tinofarira stamens yemaruva, kureva, yeangiosperms.
Murudzi urwu rwemiti, iyo stamens ine anther, iyo iyo pollen mbeu inogadzirwa. Nokudaro, inhengo yakaorera yenhengo yechirume yeruva. Iyi anther inowanzo umbwa netwo mathecae maviri, ayo anonyanya kuve masaga ekukume. Imwe neimwe yeca ine maviri microsporangia, ayo anobatana kuti agadzire imwe locule kana theca yasvika pakukura.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti sterile stamens aripowo. Aya anonzi ma staminodes uye anoonekwa chete mune mamwe maruva. Dzinowanzovanzwa zvakanaka uye dzakafanana dzakafanana nema stamens. Vane mabasa akasiyana-siyana anowanzoenderana nebasa rinoshamisa rema petals kana kugadzirwa kwenekita. Vanogonawo kungomiririra chinhu chakasiyana pakati pezvipenyu, sezviri mu genus pahiopedilum (maorchids), somuenzaniso. Mukuwedzera, pane dzimwe nguva vanogona kunge vane chimiro chakafanana neisingashandisi anther. Muzviitiko izvi vanonzi anterodia.
Ko stamens inoparadzaniswa sei?
Kana tangove takanyatsojeka pamusoro pezvipi nhengo dzemaruva idzi, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kune mapoka akasiyana-siyana avo. Iyo stamen yeruva inogona kuiswa mumapoka maviri makuru: connate uye adnate. Iwo ekutanga anoratidzwa neaya akabatana kana kusanganiswa mumhepo imwe chete. Muboka iri, mune marudzi anotevera:
- diadelphos: Akabatanidzwa muzvikamu zviviri zvechirume.
- Monadelphos: Izvo zvakasanganiswa kuita imwechete inoumbwa chimiro.
- Polyadelphia: Vanosanganiswa kuita zvimiro zvitatu zvechirume.
- Synanthereans: Chete anthers, se asteraceae, vanoonekwa sevanoshamwaridzana.
Nekune rumwe rutivi tine adnate group. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo stamens yakabatana kana kusanganiswa kuita akawanda whorls, kwete mune imwe chete. Uyewo pano pane marudzi akasiyana-siyana:
- Didinamos: Iwo anosimuka muhuviri huviri uye ane hurefu hwakasiyana.
- epipetals: Dzinosimuka kubva muhure hwemukati hweruva, inonziwo corolla, iyo inoumbwa nemaruva.
- Nyanzvi Vanodarika corolla.
- Inoisa kana inosanganisirwa: Havapfuuri corolla.
- kubuda: Akareba kupfuura corolla.
- Tetradynamos: Dzinomuka muboka rinoumbwa nemafilament matanhatu, ayo maviri ari mapfupi pane mamwe.
Basa rema stamens eruva
Zvino zvatava kuziva kuti mastameni eruva chii uye kuti anoiswa muboka sei, inguva yokutaura nezvebasa rawo. Zvakanaka, sezvatakambotaura kare, idzi inhengo dzevarume dzemiti yemaruva. Naizvozvo hazvishamisi kuti basa rayo nderekuberekazve chirimwa.
The stamens vane mhosva kugadzira nekuchengeta mukume, iyo ine ruzivo rwese rwemajini echirimwa chiri kutaurwa. Kunze kwekugadzirwa nekuchengetwa kwayo, nhengo idzi dzinobatsirawo kutakura kuenda kuovary yeruva remukadzi. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti a mbeu, zvakakosha kuti ukwanise kuita kubereka kwayo.
Rimwe remabasa makuru emastamens eruva nderekuti kukwezva vectors kana pollinator. Ndicho chikonzero nei ivo kazhinji, semapeti, anorova chaizvo. Zvisinei, kune ziso remunhu hadzisi nguva dzose dzinoyevedza. Kune mamwe maruva ane stameni akatinetsa kuziva, kunyanya kwatiri. Asi zvipembenene kana shiri zvinogona kuzviona pasina dambudziko.
Kuti iwedzere kugona kwayo kukwezva kutarisa kwemapollinator, mamwe mastameni anotoburitsa nekita. Asi chii ichi chaizvo? Ndiyo mhinduro yemvura ine huwandu hwepamusoro hweamino acids, shuga uye mineral ions, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Uyu musanganiswa wakapfuma mukudya unokwezva mhuka dzakawanda, nokudaro zvichiwedzera zvikuru mikana yekubudirira kubereka kwechirimwa ichi, nekuda kwenzira yekukume.
Mukupedzisa tinogona kutaura kuti stamens inhengo dzakakosha dzezvirimwa zvinotumbuka. Pasina ivo hazvingaitike kuita kubereka kwechisikigo, pasina kupindira kwevanhu. Saka zvino unoziva: vatarisire!