Ichi chirimwa chinomera herbaceous chiri chemhuri zhinji Agavaceae, inouya nemhando dzakasiyana uye saizi uye inokura muzere zuva.
Inowanikwa kuMexico, ichi chiri chinzvimbo cheupfumi nekusiyana kwemarudzi, munzvimbo ino chete ndipo paunogona kuverengerwa 32 mhando dzema specimens anenge (zuva rega rega ivo vanowedzera), kunyangwe paine kusahadzika pamusoro pehuwandu hwemazita epamutemo, zvinongedzo uye zvisikwa zvisina chokwadi nekuda kwemamwe maitiro emaruva awo nemashizha.
Zviratidzo
Mexico inosimbisa dziviriro chaiyo kune mamwe marudzi eManfreda. Inowanikwawo muCentral America, kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States, ichipararira kuNicaragua, Honduras, neEl Salvador. Yakave yakagadzwa pamahombekombe eMediterranean.
Ivo vari muboka rinonzi amoles, lechuguillas, pescaditos, izotes uye magueyes, iyo yekupedzisira yekubatsira kukuru mukugadzira tambo uye zvinwiwa (tequila, mezcal, pulque), pamwe nekushongedza. Kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwakakosha, nekuti kushandiswa kusasarura kunokanganisa nharaunda uye kunoderedza zvisikwa.
Mhando imwe neimwe ine chaiwo maitiro, runako, kuchinjika, kubata nyore uye kutarisirwa kushoma Rudzi rwayo rwakarondedzerwa neye botanist Richard Salisbury uye nyanzvi dzinoverengeka vanozvimisikidza pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakasiyana zvePolianthes (tuberous).
Iyo tuberous mudzi chokurukisa uye yakatwasuka ine mavara epepuru kana mavara mumashizha makobvu anoenda padanda rakapfupika, nepo maruva awo achinhuwirira uye ari tubular, anounzwa mumupendero wakaita kunge spike yero, girini kana machena machena uye iri kumucheto kwerimwe dzinde refu.
Iyo ine stamens yemhando dzakasiyana mumvuri, yakanyanya brown uye inowanzo kuve yega inflorescence. Nyanzvi dzinoratidza izvozvo 20 taxa inokura munguva yekunaya uye munguva yekuoma chete mapundu anokura.
Habitat
Nzvimbo yekugara yeManfreda inowanikwa mumasango anodziya, xerophilous scrub uye kumucheto kwemasango eQuercus - Pinus nePinus, pane dombo, ivhu rakaonda uye materu akadzika anosvika pakakwirira kubva pagungwa kusvika pamamirioni 2700. Hazvidi chero mhando yekuchekerera, manyowa kana kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.
Chirimwa ichi chinoshandiswa pakurapa kana kushongedza, kunyangwe magirobhu acho kubvira nguva dzisati dzaitika dzeSpanish dzaishandiswa sesipo nekuda kwekuwanda kwavo kwe "sapogenins", kutaura zvemakemikari maMetabolites anowanikwa kunyanya muumambo hwezvirimwa, ita seyakasarudzika antiviral, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic zvigadzirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Ndicho chikonzero nei indasitiri yemishonga iri kuwedzera kufarira kurimwa kwayo uye kuchengetedzwa. Anowedzera kukosha maoiri ayo akakosha, anoshandiswa kugadzira pefiyumu.
Nhoroondo dzekare dzinoratidza kuti kuvepo kwemhuri yeAgavaceae pamwe neCactaceae uye panguva yekusimuka kwetsika dzeMesoamerican munzvimbo dzakawoma dzavaigara, marudzi ese ari maviri aive akajeka nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo kwakawanda mukugadzirira chikafu nekumwa, mushonga, kuvaka, dhizaini yezvipfeko, mafuta uye kunyange tsika.
Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX idzi mhando dzakatsanangurwa semiti inonaka yemubindu dzakatumirwa kuEurope, ndiko kuti, avo vane midzi, madzinde kana mashizha anotendera kuchengetedza kukuru kwemvura mukati kwenguva yakareba kufambisa kupona munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakaoma, kusiyana nevamwe vari mukirasi yacho.
Zvirimwa zvipenyu zve autotrophic, ndiko kuti kugadzira chikafu chavo kana zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nefotosinthesisi.
Tsika
Nekudaro, izvo zvakakosha kune hupenyu hwemhuka nevanhu, zvinoda kudyidzana nenharaunda uye nekupa mweya watinofema. Kudyara nekuvachengeta zvakakoshaIwo mapapu echirimwa anorebesa kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinogara mupasi.
Saizvozvowo, kudzivirira kutema nekupisa kunofanirwa kuve chinangwa chemurume uyo, pasi pechikonzero chekugadzira zvakakosha, anobvisa chinhu chakakosha zviwanikwa. Kunyangwe ichigadziriswa, zvisikwa zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti zviitwe.
Kuziva iwo akasiyana maodha aripo murudzi kana nharaunda, inopa mukana wekuziva mashandisiro avo, zvinoshandiswa uye zvivakwa. Iri basa rinowira kune ve botanist, Ivo neruzivo rwavo mu taxonomy vari mukutungamira kwekutsanangudza maficha akasarudzika, mavambo, nzvimbo yekugara uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kuti vataure sezviwanikwa zvitsva.
Pakutanga, inofanirwa kupihwa zita rinotevera mutemo weInternational Code yeBotanical Nomenclature.