Ndeapi marudzi eacacti aripo uye ari kuchengetwa sei?

Cacti anodikanwa zvakafanana uye anovengwa zvirimwa. Minzwa inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya, asi kazhinji ndizvo zvinofarirwa nevanhu zvakanyanya; uye izvi hazvireve kuti akakosha sei, kunyangwe asina kusimba kwazvo, iwo maruva awo. Kumwe kukwezva kukuru kwezvirimwa izvi ndekwekuti kune mhando zhinji dzecactus dzakasiyana kwazvo kubva kune imwe, saka vanokukoka kuti uzviunganidze.

Mazhinji acho anogona kuchengetwa muhari muhupenyu hwavo hwese, asi kune zvimwe izvo, nekuda kwehukuru hwazvo, zvirinani kukura mubindu. Asi, Iwe unoziva here kuti mangani marudzi eacacti aripo?

Cacti kuongorora

Iyo Cactus (mhuri cacti) zvirimwa zvakatanga shanduko yavo kutenderera makore makumi mana kana makumi mashanu emakore apfuura. Kusiyana nemimwe miriwo, havana mashizha (kunyangwe paine zvisizvo), asi vane minzwa. Basa rephotosynthesis rakawira padanda, iro mumarudzi mazhinji ndere green. Hunde imwechete iyoyo ndiyo ine mvura yakakosha. 

Nekuti izvo inogona kumira kwenguva yakareba yekusanaya kwemvura, asi hazvireve kuti havadi kupihwa mvura, Ndicho chikonzero nei cacti zhinji dzakasimwa muminda dzichirasika kana kurwara. Kunyangwe cacti kubva kunzvimbo dzinodzika pasi pano, kunge gwenga de Atacama inogamuchira kupihwa kupihwa kwemvura nguva dzose nekuda kwemhute. Mumwe murume ane hunyanzvi hwekukura akambondiudza kuti cactus inoda mvura yakawanda kwazvo kupfuura yatinopa isu, uye substrate iyo inodhira chaizvo, chaizvo, pumice kana jecha rerwizi. 

Mukuwedzera kune substrate yakanaka nemvura, ivo vanodawo chikafu. Izvo zvipenyu uye kuti zvikure zvinofanirwa kuve neyakajairwa kupihwa fetiraiza mukati megore uye zhizha. A) Hongu, Zvakakosha kuti isu tinovaisa necactus fetiraiza kutevera mirairo yakadomwa papakeji, kana neNitrofoska nekudira chipunu chidiki pamusoro peiyo substrate mazuva gumi nemashanu.

Uye ichi chinhu chatinofanira kuita nacho Mazana maviri nemazana mashanu emarudzi akaparadzirwa muanopfuura mazana maviri genera yecacti iriko parizvino, zvisinei nechimiro uye saizi. Sezvo paine marudzi mazhinji uye paine mhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzecacti, zvinonetsa kuti titaure zvakawandisa nezve kuchengetwa kwavo, saka tichavaparadzanisa mumhuri diki uyezve kumadzinza, kuyedza kuve chaiyo sezvazvinogona . Ramba uchifunga kuti uku kupatsanurwa kunogona kuchinja kubva kune rimwe zuva kuenda kune rinotevera. Ipapo tinozovaparadzanisa nechimiro chavo kuti zvive nyore. 

Cactus mhando taxonomically

Izvo zvese izvi zvirimwa zvakafanana uye zvinotibvumidza kusiyanisa chaiyo cactus kubva kune yakafanana chirimwa cheimwe mhuri ndiyo kuvapo kwemasolas, akagadziridzwa brachyblasts anongowanikwa mumhuri iyi. Kubva kwavari kunouya maruva, mashizha, minzwa, nectaries uye matavi. Pano isu tichaenda kuronga mhando dzecacti zvinoenderana neye taxonomic kupatsanura.

Subfamily Pereskioideae  

Zvinosanganisira chete murume kana murume pereskia. Icho chiri pamusoro iyo cacti yechinyakare, kusvika padanho rekuti ivo havaite kunge cacti. Ivo vane arboreal kana bushy kukura, nemashizha akanyatsogadzirwa. Maruva ayo akafanana neaya emusango emakwenzi emakwenzi, anovapa zita reti rose cactus. Ivo kazhinji vanoda humhutu hwakawanda kupfuura iyo yese yakasara cacti, sezvo mashizha awo achibvumira mvura yakawanda kuti ibude kuburikidza nedikita. Iwo anotonhora, asi mazhinji anoshivirira tembiricha padyo ne -3ºC. Ivo vanonyanya kugara muCentral America.

Subfamily Maihuenioideae

Zvinosanganisira chete murume kana murume maihuenia, imwe yekactus yechinyakare. Iwo ane mashizha, asi mashoma akagadzirwa, akafanana muchimiro neaya eAustrocylindropuntia, genus iro riri nyore kuvakanganisa. Vane kukura kwakapetwa, madzinde anotaridzika kusimba, uye mahure marefu. Maruva akafanana neaya emhuri yaOpuntioideae. Yakanyanya kupokana nechando uye yakanyanyisa mwando, asi kwete zvakadaro isingagadzirisike kupisa. Dambudziko kuSouth America.

Subfamily Opuntioideae

Iyi subfamily inosanganisira marudzi mashanu akasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Hunhu hwakajairika hwese hwunotevera: eharpoon-mhando spines, izvo zvinoramba zvakarovererwa mumhuka; kuvapo kwe glochids, madiki madiki mitezo anouya achisangana uye anotsamwisa kwazvo, ane basa rakakosha kudzora zvikara; kuvapo kwe mashizha, inoramba ichipera kana kupera uye kukura zvakanyanya nekuda kwe giya (mapfupi mapundu anorasikirwa nepamusoro payo mushure mekukura kwekutanga).

Dzinza Neworleansghostaiae

Dambudziko kuSouth America. Inosanganisira marudzi Austrocylindropuntia y cumulopuntia, zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvachose.

• Austrocylindropuntia: ine mashizha akareba, kazhinji anoramba aripo kwegore kana kupfuura, kunze kwekusanaya kwemvura kunovarasa. Hunde dzayo hadzina kurasikirwa nepamusoro padzo, saka dzinoramba dzichikura kusvika pamamita akati wandei kumusoro, dzichishaya kukura kweiyo stem yemhuri. Iwo anowanzo kuve masango angangoita akati wandei emamita kukwirira. Ivo vanowanzo simira kupisa, kutonhora, kusanaya uye kuwandisa kwemvura zvakanaka.
• Cumulopuntia: zvidiki zvidiki uye zviumbane zvirimwa, zviine mahombe mahombe, akawanda kwazvo uye mashizha madiki anodonha mushure memazuva mashoma. Iwo majoini acho ari cylindrical kana idenderedzwa uye akapfupika (haawanzo kudarika 2cm pakureba).

Dzinza Cylindropuntieaee

Inosanganisira ina genera, maviri akasarudzika mukudyara kwezvinotakurwa nemhuka uye maviri anova mbesa.

• Cylindropuntia y Grusonia: Kukura nezvimiti zve cylindrical nemipendero mikuru, yakapinza kwazvo. Iyi tsvimbo yakanamatira kubva pamuti nekureruka kukuru, zvekuti kana mhuka painokwesha, inosvikirwa uye voiendesa kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Iwo ane mashizha, asi chete apo ivo vanogadzira iwo matsva mapfundo. Musiyano wakakosha pakati pevakadzi vaviri ndewekuti Cylindropuntia miti hombe inogadzirwa, mamwe marudzi achikwanisa kutariswa semiti, uye Grusonia Izvo zvidyarwa zvidiki zvisingawanzo simuka zvakapfuura 10cm. Ivo vanoora zviri nyore, saka vanoda yakanaka kwazvo drainage. Pakati pese, inopokana kwazvo nechando. ari cylindropuntiimwe yemhando dzakaipisisa dzecactus.

• Pereskyopsis y Quiabentia: Kuenderera mberi kukura nematavi akanaka. Iwo ane makuru anoramba mashizha, yakafanana neya pereskia (saka zita rayo). Quiabentia inova mhodzi, nepo Pereskyopsis ine kukura kwakashata. Havagone kutakura kutonhora, asi vanoita nehunyoro hwakanyanya. Nekuda kwekunaka kwematemu ayo uye simba rayo, Pereskyopsis Iyo inoshandiswa kubatanidza ichangoburwa cacti.

Dzinza Opuntiae

Prickly pears nezvimwe zvakadaro. Aya marudzi eacacti ane kukura nematanda akapetwa (cladodes), ine mashizha anosara pamuti chete panguva yekukura kwemacadode matsva. Inosanganisira anotevera marudzi:

• opuntia: Izvi zvinosanganisira iyo prickly pears kana zvinodyiwa nopales nemiti yakawanda yakafanana. Ivo vanokwanisa kuyera kubva pamasentimita mashoma kusvika kumamita akati wandei, kunyangwe ma cladode avo anowanzo kuve akaenzana zvine mwero. Ivo kazhinji vanotakura iyo inotonhorera tsime uye haina kusimba nemhando yeiyo substrate.
• Braziliopuntia y Kunyaradza: maviri genera earborescent opuntias. Vanowanzove nemhando mbiri dzekukura, imwe iine mamwe maumbirwo uye anoramba achienderera anoumba trunk huru uye akajairwa cladode anoumba matavi ekupedzisira. Ivo havashiviriri chando.
• Tacinga: Kazhinji iwo anotaridzika akafanana nemamwe maopuntias, asi mashoma muhukuru, nemusiyano mukuru kuve maruva, ayo ari madiki uye asinganyanye kuratidza. Dzimwe mhando dzinokura nesimbi yakakomberedzwa uye dzimwe nguva kunyange inoenderera.
• Mycheliopuntia: zvakafanana pakuonekwa kune a Cylindropuntia, asi izvo zvinoshamisira zvine hukama zvishoma navo.
• prickly pear: zvakafanana mukukura kusvika cumulopuntia asi nema cladode panzvimbo yemidziyo yemagetsi.

Dzinza Tephrocacteae

Nevakadzi vaviri, Maihueniopsis (inozivikanwawo se Full) uye tephrocactus. Iwo ari epakati kusvika kune zvidiki zvidiki, kazhinji cylindrical kana idenderedzwa. Iwo ane madiki mashizha chete sezvavanokudziridza mapfundo matsva. Dzinza iri rinosanganisira zvimwe zvevanonyanya kutsvaga cacti nevateresi nekuda kwavo kwekuda kuziva zvinhu, senge Maihueniopsis clavata, ane zvidimbu zvinoita kunge howa kana Tephrocactus articulatus var. strobiliformis, ine zviumbwa zvinoita senge mapainapple. Vanoda mashoma mvura uye substrates ine yakanakisa drainage, sezvo ivo vachiwanzo nyore kuora. Vanotakura kutonhora chaizvo.

Dzinza Pterocateae

Uine murume mumwe chete, pterocactus. Izvo zvidyarwa zvidiki zvine cylindrical madzinde ayo anobuda kubva pasi, anenge asina matavi. Kwete ine minzwa ine hukasha uye kazhinji maruva ekupedzisira anovapa iwo maitiro ekuda kuziva kana vachimera. Kumwe kufarira kwezvirimwa izvi ndekwekuti vanowanzove nemidzi ine tuberous iyo inovapa chimiro chemuti wecaudiciform kana waburitswa pachena. Zvinopikisana nechando.

Subfamily cactoideae

Iyo yakawanda kwazvo subfamily yecacti. Inosanganisira zvese zvakajairwa, columnar, uye dhiramu-mhando cacti, pamwe neepiphytic cacti. Dyara kushaya mashizha uye marunda akaomarara uye anoramba akabatana nemuti. Pakati pese, munhu wese anoda chaizvo kudhiraini substrates uye yakawanda zuva. Inosanganisira madzinza mapfumbamwe uye akawanda genera, saka ngatiendei nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekutarisa pane mashoma mashoma akakosha maitiro.

Dzinza browningieae

Inosanganisira marudzi Armatocereus, Browningia, Jasminocereus, Neoraimondia y stetsonia. Iwo anowanzo kuve macarolar cacti ane akakwirira matavi uye diki chimiro, ndosaka vaine chitarisiko chakaita semuti. Ivo vanogara muSouth America. Pakati nepakati kana diki maruva, kazhinji husiku.

Dzinza cactus

Inosanganisira marudzi Acharagma, Ariocarpus, Astrophytum, Aztekium, Coryphantha, Digitostigma, echinocactus, Echinomastus, Epithelantha, Escobaria, ferocactus, Geohinthonia, Leuchtenbergia, Lophophora, mammillaria, Mammilloydia, Neolloydia, Obregonia, Ortegocactus, Pediocactus, Pelecyphora, Sclerocactus, Stenocactus, Strombocactus, Thelocactus y Turbinicarpus. Mudzinza iri iwe unowana dzinenge dzese dzakajairwa dhiramu cacti (Echinocactus grusonii, chigaro chavamwene, chinowanikwa mudzinza iri). Vanogona kuve nemhando imwe chete yema areola maanobuda zvese zvivakwa kana mamwe aine marunda chete uye mamwe emaruva uye ekugadzirisa, senge mune mammillarias. Zvakare zvinosanganisirwa murudzi urwu macacti ane akajairika maumbirwo, senge leuchtenbergia y digitostigma, iyo yakawedzera mativi. Pakati nepakati kusvika pamaruva madiki, kazhinji diurnal.

Dzinza calymmantheae

Inosanganisira imwe genus, Calymmanthium. Miti midiki yemabranched kana shrub inogadzirwa. Hunde dzayo dzine mucherechedzo wembabvu uye panzvimbo payo dzisina simba mitezo. Maruva epakati saizi, diurnal. Izvo hazviwanzo kurimwa, saka hapana ruzivo rwakawanda nezve izvo zvarinoda.

Dzinza Cereeae

Inosanganisira marudzi Kukandwa, Brasilicereus, CereusCipocereus, Coleocephalocereus, melocactus, Micranthocereus, Pierrebraunia, Pilosocereus, Praecereus, Stephanocereus y uebelmannia. Ivo vanowanzo columnar cacti iro bazi kubva pasi, saka vane kukura shrubby kukura (chakasarudzika ndeche melocactus, ine chitarisiko cheglobose kudzamara yatanga kutumbuka uye isingambovi matavi). Vamwe vanoyera masendimita mashoma uye vamwe vanodarika 10m pakureba.

Dzinza Hylocereeeae

Inosanganisira marudzi Disocactus, Epiphyllum, Hylocereus, Kutadza, Selenicereus y Webercereus. Ivo vari kukwira cacti iyo inosarudza akawanda ma organic substrates kupfuura mazhinji uye mamwe mumvuri, pamwe nerutsigiro rwekukura. Kuti vabatwe, ivo vanowanzo shandisa midzi yemuchadenga. Kazhinji vane mbabvu shoma dzakatarwa. Maruva ayo akakura kwazvo uye kazhinji husiku. Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) inosanganisirwa pano.

Dzinza notocateae

Inosanganisira marudzi Austrocactus, Blossfeldia, Cynthia, copiapoa, Eriosyce, Eulychnia, Friar, Newdermannia y Parody. Iwo madiki uye anowanzo tenderedzwa cacti, kunze kwe Eulychnia, iri genus rehurefu hwakareba cacti cacti. Maruva acho anowedzeredza, epakati kana madiki. Ivo kazhinji vanogara kumaodzanyemba kweSouth America.

Dzinza Pachycereeeae

Inosanganisira marudzi Acanthocereus, Bergerocactus, carnegiea, Cephalocereus, Corryocactus, Echinocereus, Escontria, Leptocereus, MandiraNeobuxbaumia, Pachycereus, Peniocereus, Polaskia, Pseudoacanthocereus y Stenocereus. Anenge ese makuru colonar cacti. Mudzinza iri mune saguaros dzakakurumbira (giant carnegiea) uye cacti yakakura kwazvo pasi (Pachycereus pringlei). Maruva ayo anowanzo pakati nepakati uye nekushanduka. Ivo vanogara kubva kuCentral America kuenda kuCentral North America.

Dzinza Rhypsalideae

Inosanganisira marudzi hatiora, Lepismium, rhipsalis y Schlumberger. Iwo epiphytic cacti ane epakati uye madiki maruva. Mukurima vanosarudza kuve mumumvuri pane substrate yakafanana neaya orchids. Kisimusi cactus (Schlumberger truncataPasita (Hatiora gaertneri) anowanikwa mudzinza iri.

Dzinza trichocereeae

Inosanganisira marudzi Acanthocalycium, Arthrocereus, Brachycereus; cleistocactus, Denmoza, Discocactus, echinopsis, Wife, Espostoopsis, Facheiroa, gymnocalycium, Haageocereus, Harrisia, Leocereus, matucana, mira, oreocereus, Oroya, Pygmaeocereus, Rauhocereus, Rebutia, Samaipaticereus, Trichocereus, Weberbauerocereus, Yavia y Yungasocereus. Iyo inosiyana zvakanyanya, ine ese marudzi eacacti, columnar, yakatenderedzwa, hombe, diki, neine masikati, nguva yehusiku, hombe, maruva madiki ... Mimwe yeakanyanya kurimwa cacti munzvimbo dzinotonhora (Cleistocactus strausii) uye mamwe maruva ekuratidzira (Echinopsis spp.) inowanikwa pano. Ivo vese vanobva kuSouth America.

Mhando dzecactus zvinoenderana nehunhu uye kutarisirwa

Chinhu chakareruka ndechekuzvimisikidza neiyi nzira, kusanganisira chete zvakajairika. Dzese mhando dzecacti dzinoda chaizvo kudhiraini substrates.

• Columns: vanoda izere zuva uye mamineral substrates.
• Opuntia mhando: vanosarudza yakazara zuva uye zvicherwa substrates, kazhinji ichitsigira yakashata mhando ivhu.
• Bharira cacti: ivo vanoda yakawanda zuva, asi iine imwe mumvuri, uye zvicherwa substrates.
• Napiform midzi: vanoda inenge yakazara zvicherwa uye inodonhedza zvakanyanya substrate, nekuti ivo vanoora nyore. Zuva rakazara kana mumwe mumvuri.
• Jungle cacti: ivo vanoregerera zvakaringana manyowa substrates uye vanosarudza kuve mune semi-mumvuri. Vanoda zvakati wandei kudiridzwa kupfuura vamwe vese.

Cornus isina minzwa

Kune wese munhu anofarira kutaridzika kwecacti, asi kwete zvakanyanya kuti ubate neminzwa, kune akawanda marudzi anogona kukufarira.

• Mazhinji epiphytic uye kukwira cacti kushaya mitsara, asi ichokwadi kuti havana chimiro checactus.
• Kana zviri maopuntias, opuntia microdasys 'caress' uye Opuntia fig-indica 'inermis' vanozvishaya.
• Yeye dhiramu-mhando cacti, iyo Rebutia kunyange ane minzwa, haakuvadzi. Iyo peyotes (Lophophora spp.) uye Astrophytum asteria kazhinji havana.
• Kune vamwe vese, avo vane izwi rekuti 'inermis' kuseri kwezita resainzi havazove neminzwa.

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