Nhasi tichataura nezve kurimwa kwe alfalfa kutenderera pasirese. Kubva kwaro kunoitika muAsia Minor uye kumaodzanyemba kweCaucasus. Inobata nyika dzakadai seTurkey, Iran, Syria, Iraq, Pakistan, neAfghanistan. Kupararira kwechirimwa ichi kwakaitwa nemaArabu kuburikidza neNorth Africa uye, nekudaro, yaive nzira yakasvika kuSpain ikapararira muEurope yese.
Muchikamu chino isu ticha taura nezve kurimwa kweAlfalfa, ndeapi mashandisiro ayo makuru uye kukosha kwehupfumi kwainako.
Descripcion
Vaiva vaPersia vakaunza alfalfa kuGreece. Kubva pano yakaenda kuItaly muzana ramakore rechina BC.Ndicho chirimwa chiri chemhuri yetsanga. Zita rayo resainzi ndiMedicago sativa. Icho chirimwa chine evergreen mashizha, chakamira uye chine hupenyu. Iyo ine yakareba, yakasimba uye inotenderera midzi. Kana mamiriro acho akanaka, anogona kuva midzi inosvika pamamita mashanu pakureba. Kubva pamudzi mukuru ndipo panopatsanurwa mimwe midzi yechipiri.
Ine korona inobuda muvhu uye ndipo panobuda nhungirwa dzinoumba madzinde. Aya matete uye akamira uye anogona kunyatso tsigira huremu hwemashizha uye inflorescence gore rese. Kunyangwe ivo vakaonda, ivo vanowirirana. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chirimwa chakakwana chekucheka.
Kana ari mashizha awo, iwo matatu. Mashizha ekutanga ayo ane yunifomu. Zviri mushure mezvo kuti ivo vakanyatso kukura. Iwo margins emashizha akanyatsotsetseka aine zvishoma serrated kumusoro mativi. Iine maruva ayo ari ebhuruu kana epepuru, aine inflorescence mumasumbu akazvarwa kubva kumaaxils emashizha.
Muchero uyu tsanga isina rukato uye ine mbeu iri pakati pe2 ne6 yero.
Kukosha kwehupfumi kweAlfalfa
Alfalfa yakakosha kwazvo pasirese. Icho chirimwa chakapararira kwazvo munyika dzese dzine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama. Kurima zvipfuyo kwakadzama ndiyo inogara ichitsvaga chikafu icho indasitiri yaifanirwa kupa. Aya ndiwo maruva alfalfa yakasimudzwa. Chinangwa chikuru cheichi chirimwa ndechekupa iyo yekudyara indasitiri.
Kukosha kwealffa ndeyekuti iyo sosi sosi ye fiber, mapuroteni, mavitamini uye zvicherwa zvinoshanda sekudya kwemhuka. Iyo inoshandawo kune mupiro wayo wekuve nenzvimbo inoyevedza uye nekubatsira sekuchengetedza mhuka nekugadzira zvisikwa zvakavakodzera. Kana alfalfa ichirimwa muvhu, inobatsira kudzikisira symbiotic nitrogen fixation nekuda mashoma simba. Izvi zvinouya zvinobatsira kurega ivhu "richizorora" zvese kune icho chirimwa chimwe uye kune avo vanozotevera.
Kurima kwaro kunobatsirawo kudzikisa kukosora uye kuoneka kwevamwe tupukanana nezvirwere. muzvirimwa zvinotevera kutenderera.
Alfalfa zvinodiwa
Tichaongorora edaphoclimatic zvinhu izvo alfalfa inoda kuve negoho rakanaka uye kusimukira kwakanaka. Chinhu chekutanga mwaranzi yezuva. Kubuda kwezuva chinhu chakakosha kwazvo. Izvo zvinobatsira zvine simba kurimwa kweAlfalfa, sezvo huwandu hwemaawa emwenje yezuva uchiwedzera sekuderera kwenharaunda. Aya mwaranzi yezuva inofarira iyo pre-kuomesa matekiniki mumunda mumatunhu ari padyo neiyo ikweta. Kune rimwe divi, apo patinosvika kune mamwe mativi ekuchamhembe, mwaranzi yezuva pachayo, iri shoma, inoita kuti zviome kuti zvirimwa zviome.
Mbeu yeAlfalfa inokura patembiricha iri pakati pe2 ne3 degrees. Izvi zvinoitika kana mamwe mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza achitendera. Kana tembiricha ikawedzerwa, kumera kuchakurumidza. Kunyangwe ichikwanisa kumera pakati pemadhigirii maviri kusvika matatu, kuitira kukura kwakakwana, tembiricha inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pe2 ne3 degrees. Pane kupokana, kana tembiricha ikaramba ichikwira kudzamara yasvika pamitengo iri pamusoro pemadhigiri makumi matatu nemasere, inogona kuuraya mbesa.
Kana mwaka wechando ukatanga, vanomira kukura kusvika muchirimo zvakare. Kana tembiricha painotanga kuwedzera uye nguva dzekupenya kwezuva dzichiwedzera, ndipo pavanotangazve uye voramba vachikura. Kune mamwe marudzi eAlfalfa anokwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha dzakadzika kudzika kusvika -10 madhigirii. Mhando idzi dzinonakidza kukura munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kwenharaunda. Ivhareji tembiricha yegore rose yekukwanisa kuburitsa furu yakatenderedza gumi nemashanu. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeAlfalfa, iyo yakakwana tembiricha yevari vese iri pakati pe15 kusvika 18 degrees.
pH uye munyu
Iye zvino ngatitaurei nezve pH. Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvinodzikisira zvakanyanya mukurima alfalfa. Iyo acidity yevhu inogona kuva nenjodzi. Iyo chaiyo pH yechirimwa inowanzo kuve yakatenderedza 7,2. Iwe unogona kushandisa kumwe kudzika mukati umo pH inodonha kusvika 6,8. Aya marimu akakodzera kuwedzera huwandu hweacalcium muvhu uye kuita kuti iwanikwe kumuti kuti ishandise. Nenzira iyi, inoderedza zvakare kunwa kwealuminium uye manganese, izvo zvine chepfu kuchirimwa.
Kana iri yemunyu, inonzwisisika kune ivhu rine munyu. Chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti ivhu rine munyu kana kuti chiri kukanganisa ndiko kuchena kunoonekwa nezvimwe zvinyama. Inoteverwa nezvimwe zviratidzo sekuderera kwehukuru hwemashizha uye, zvakanyanya kukura, kukura kwezvirimwa kunomiswa zvachose. Zvese izvi zvinoitika nekuti munyu ndiwo unokonzera kusaenzana pakati pemudzi nechikamu chemuchadenga chemuti.
Haisi chirimwa chinoda zvakanyanya nevhu. Iwe unongoda ivhu rakadzika rakanyoroveswa. Izvo hazvitsigire kumvura. Inorimwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzevhu. Ivhu risina kudzika pasi pe60 cm haritombokurudzirwe kurimwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve alfalfa.