Iwe unoziva iyo nyika ye aquilegia? Iri genus rezvirimwa zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu zvemarudzi uye zviri zvemiti inokura munzvimbo dzakakwirira kuchamhembe kwepasi redu.
Mhando dzese dzerudzi urwu dzine runako rwekushongedza inoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya kunyanya muBritish neEuropean mapindu uye kune maviri emarudzi ayo, senge yarrow vulgaris and the Yarrow caerulea, inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inoshandiswa pazvinangwa izvi.
Aquilegia maitiro
Iko kushanduka kwenhengo dzepetaloid mune yekubereka axis chiitiko chinoshamisa cheangioosperms iyo yakanyatso ita basa rakakosha mukusiyana kwavo, kunyanya muchirevo chekukwezva kwepollinator.
Chii chinoita kuti petaloid maficha afadze ndeyekuti inoita kunge yechokwadi inyowani isina chakajeka chinotungamira mumajimnosperm aripo.
Gare gare, kana iwo maruva akachinja, shanduko dzisingaoneki muchimiro uye neruvara zvave zvinhu zvakakosha izvo zvakabvumidza iyo mhuka kukwezva uye kugona mune akasiyana mapollinator.
Kubva pakuona kwemajini, pane zvakawanda zvinhu zvemitezo yepeturuid iyo yatinoda kunzwisisa maererano nayo macroevolutionary uye microevolutionary maitiro.
Iko kangani nhengo dzepeturuid dzakashanduka? Iwo maitiro avo ekuberekwa akaenzana kana hunhu hwepeturuidhi hukaitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana?Maitiro ekudzora kugadzirwa kwemashizha uye aya majini nzira anoshandurwa sei muchimiro chekuchinja kwemukume?
Aya marudzi emibvunzo anofukidza kuwanda kwenzira dzakasiyana dzemageneti. uye ivo vanokwanisa chete kupindurwa nekuongorora seti yemhando dzakasiyana dzakaenzana magene.
Maruva anowanzove nemhando mbiri dzemitezo: yekubereka uye isina chena. Nepo nhengo dzekubereka dzakakamurwa kuita stamens (androecium) uye carpels (gynoecium), nhengo dzisina kuchena dzinonzi pamwe perianth.
Izvo zvinoitika zvemitezo yepeturuid zvinonetsa, nekuti zvinogona kuitika mune chero nhengo idzi, pamwe nekuwedzera-maruva nhengo dzakaumbwa semashizha anonzi mabracts. Kana isu tikadzora kufunga kwedu kune iyo perianth, kune mamwe misiyano.
Mune imwe taxa, saMagnolia kana Tulipa, iyo zvikamu zveiyo perianth zvakada kufanana nechitarisiko (petaloid kana kwete), mune iyo mamiriro ayo anonzi tepals. Kunyanya kazhinji, iyo perianth ndeye bipartite ine maviri kana anopfuura akasarudzika marudzi enhengo (mukusiyana neiyo unipartite mamiriro ematepi).
Panguva idzi, nhengo dzekunze, dzinonzi sepals, inowanzo shandisirwa mabasa ekudzivirira, nepo nhengo dzemukati, dzinonzi peturu, dzakanyanya kuve nebasa rekukwezva vafukuri.
Nekudaro, iwo maruva ane chinzvimbo chakamisikidzwa pamaruva akabatana, mune yechipiri kutenderera pakati pe sepals uye androecium. Nekudaro, sezvataurwa pamusoro, petaloid maficha anogona kuitika mune chero perianth coils.
Mhando huru
Aquilegia vulgaris
Imwe yemiti yakakosha uye yakashandiswa mukati mejenasi ndiyo iyo Aquilegia vulgaris, inova chirimwa chisingaperi chinobva munzvimbo dzinopisa dzakanyanya dzeAsia neEurope uye zviri nyore kwazvo kuzviwana kana kune vamwe vanhu kuti vazvizive pasi pemazita eanowanzozivikanwa kana Aguileño.
Hunde yeiyo columbine inogona kuve yakati rebei kupfuura mita yakareba uye aripo akaonda maitiro uye ane chena bvudzi. Dzinde iri rinowanzo simuka uye rinoratidza zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa.
Dzinde iri ndipo panobuda mashizha, ayo ane rakasvibira rakasvibira ruvara, bhavhu hombe nepetieti. Mashizha aya akabata - maitiro akabatanidzwa uye iro rakasvibira ruvara rwegreen izvo zvavanopa vanogona kunge vane zvimwe zvebhuruu ruzivo mune dzimwe nguva.
Asi pasina mubvunzo zvinonyanya kufadza mune rondedzero ye yarrow vulgaris uye muchokwadi chimwe chezvikonzero nei chirimwa ichi chichishandiswa munzvimbo dzese dzinodziya dzepasi sechirimwa chekushongedza cherunako rukuru, maruva acho.
Maruva ayo anoratidza yakasarudzika chimiro chehwamanda uye inogona kuratidza rimwe chete vara kana kuumbika kweaya, achigara akamira nekuda kwerunako rwayo runoshamisa. Aya maruva anozoonekwa achitumbuka kubva padanda remaruva, iro rakamira, richisvika angangoita masendimita manomwe pakureba.
Iwo akasiyana siyana mavara anogona kuve chikamu cheaya maruva, kubvira mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinowanzo kuve zvine rimwe chete vara uye kune vamwe kuve nemavara. Unogona kuwana mumhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemumvuri dzinobva kuchena, kuburikidza nebhuruu, tsvuku, yero, orenji, pinki, shava, pepuru uye lilac.
Maruva anowanzoitika panguva yekutanga kwezhizha, kunyange zvakadaro nguva dzisati dzakwana dzemaruva dzinozivikanwa pakati pemazuva ekupedzisira echirimo zvakare. Ivo vanowanzo kuve nekukurumidza chaizvo kukura kwehuwandu uye vane maruva aunogona kunakidzwa gore rega.
Aquilegia caerulea
Imwe yenhengo dzinozivikanwa dzemhuri dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu marudzi anoumba nyika yeAchilegias, ndiyo muenzaniso caereulea, kufanana nevamwe vese vemhuri yake, vane runako rwekushongedza kwadzinowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya mumagadheni akasiyana
Ichi ndicho chirimwa chisingaperi chisingasvike pakukwirira kwakafanana nehanzvadzi yayo, asi haisi kure zvakadaro, sezvo hunde yacho inogona kuyera pakati peanosvika makumi maviri kusvika makumi manomwe amasendimita.
Mashizha awo anounzwa neruvara rwegirinhi runosimbisa zvinoenderana nekukura kwaro uye chinonyanya kumira, sekusara kwese, ndiko runako rwekushongedza urwo maruva arwo anogona kuratidza.
Aya maruva anogona kuwanikwa mune akasiyana mavara, ayo anogona kubva kubva kune akanyanya kuchena bhuruu uye akakosha kumeso, kune chena, achidarikawo mune mamwe ma shades zvinogona kubva pakadzika pinki kusvika yero yero.
Asi haizove imwe chete yeaya mavara aunoona mune iyi mhando ye yarrowasi mune dzimwe nguva vanogona kuratidza bicolor mhando, inoratidza akasiyana tonality pane sepals uye pane petals.
Ndezvipi zvinovanetsa?
Panyaya yekuda kurima aquilegia kumba, Iwe unofanirwa kufunga kuti chirimwa chinowanzo kuwanikwa kunzes, sezvo ichida kuwanda kukuru.
Iwe unogona kugamuchira irudzi rwechiedza munzira mbiri, kungave kubva kumberi, ndiko kuti, pakatarisana nezuva, pasina izvi zvinoreva kusagadzikana, kana zvakare uye nezvimwe zvinokurudzirwa, inogona kuwanikwa nemumvuri wakasarudzika.
Kana iwe uchida maruva ane hutano uye ane mavara anouya kubva kune aya marudzi ezvirimwa, vanofanirwa kuve neanenge maawa mana echiedza pazuva. Ndokusaka chirimwa chisingawanzo kukura munzira yakanakisa mumba, uko kupenya kusingaite sekudikanwa.
Muchiitiko chekuzviita nenzira iyi, isu tichaona kuti madzinde nemashizha zvinoratidza sei munzira inoburuka uye izvi zvine chekuita ne kusuruvara kunokonzera chirimwa chokwadi chekusasangana nenguva yekuratidzwa kwakananga kuchiedza zuva nezuva.
Iko hakuna mhando chaiyo yekudiridza yegore rese rerudzi urwu rwe Aquilegiazvakanaka Izvi zvinoenderana nenguva yatiri uye pachiteshi chatiri kupfuura napo.
Kana tikazviwana tiri panguva dzegore apo panenge patonhora zvakanyanya uye kusangana nezuva kuchinge kwakasimba, nguva dzezhizha dzinogona sei, chirimwa chinoda kunyanya kudiridzwa kakawanda kupfuura kana tiri mumatsutso kana munguva yechando.
Izvo zvakakosha zveaya kesi zvingave izvo tora imwe nzira yekuona hunyoro muvhu, kuziva kuti yakawanda sei mvura yaunoda. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nehunyanzvi, iine hunyoro hwemamita evhu kana hunyanzvi, kuviga tsvimbo yemuti, kuchera padyo nemuti kana kuyera hari.
Pasi rinofanirwa kuratidza hunhu mune hwaro kuti hunogona kuva loamy kana jecha uye urwu rudzi rwe substrate, sezvo iine rakakosha dhizaina, rinofanira kunyorova nguva dzese. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvichikosha kuita kuyerwa kwehunyoro, kuitira kuti irege kumbooma zvachose uye kukura kwayo kunomiswa.
Kuchengeta hunyoro hwevhu kunogadzikana zvine chekuita nezvinhu zvinosanganisira kusangana kwezuva, tembiricha, hunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza uye maratidziro eiyo substrate, kusvika padanho rekuvandudza kukuru kwemuti.