Vanhu vazhinji uye vazhinji vanoziva kuti zvirimwa zvakare zvipenyu zvipenyu zvinofema, zvinodyisa uye zvinobereka. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuvapo kwemamwe mahormone ezvirimwa. Ehe, miriwo ine yavo mahormone, inonziwo phytohormones. Mumwe wavo - auxin, izvo tiri kutaura nezvazvo munyaya ino.
Auxins ivo pachavo uye kukosha kwavo mukukura kwezvirimwa zvakatanga kutsanangurwa naFritz Warmolt Went, botanist uye mycologist anobva kuNetherlands. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve aya mahormone, ini ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Chii chinonzi auxin?
Kana tichitaura nezvemaxins, tinoreva kune rimwe boka remaphytohormones, kana mahormone emiti, iyo chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa. Kuti zvibudirire izvi, zvinonyanya kukonzera kureba kwemasero. Iyo nzvimbo iyo kwavanoitira kwavo kwetunhu ndiwo meristematic matunhu ari epamusoro peiyo madzinde. Kubva ipapo, mainixin anofamba achienda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechirimwa, kunyanya chakanangana nechigadziko panogadzirwa gradient yeiyi nzira nenzira iyi. Chokwadi chinoda kuziva: zvakawanikwa kuti synthesis yeemaxins inoitika mune zvakasiyana zvipenyu senge fungi, algae, mabhakitiriya uye zvinomera zvakakwirira. Uye zvakare, yakawanda yenguva inoenderana nematanho ekukura kwakanyanya.
Kutenda kuzvidzidzo zvakaitwa pazvinhu zvakawanikwa, zvave zvichikwanisika kutanga kuvapo uyezve kukosha kwemahormone emiti kana phytohormones. Parizvino pane ruzivo rwakawanda rwesainzi pamusoro pemahormone emiti ayo anotopfuura ruzivo nezvevamwe. Nekuda kweizvi, kunzwisiswa kuti kune nhasi nezve chiito chehomoni mumiriwo kwakanyatsojeka. Auxins anotora chikamu mukutonga kweakasiyana maitiro ehupenyu muzvirimwa, pamwe chete nema cytokinins uye gibberellins. Nekudaro, kune mamwe macomputer ane chiyero chakaenzana.
Sezvinotarisirwa, vanhu vakadzidza kutora mukana weichi kuwanikwa mune zvekurima. Kune akatiwandei maitiro ayo varimi vanoshandisa aya phytohormones:
- Kumhanyisa kwemuriwo kukura.
- Kukwidziridzwa kwekutanga kwenzvimbo dzinodaidzira.
- Kukwidziridzwa kwemichero yakaiswa uye kutumbuka.
- Dzivirira michero iyi kuti isadonha nguva isati yakwana.
Auxin mune zvekurima
Chikamu chakabatsirwa zvakanyanya kubva kuzvidzidzo zvine chekuita neexin kurima. Tevere isu tichaenda kunotaura nezvekushandisa kwayo padanho rekurima.
Kupararira kwepabonde
Nhasi, kumwe kwekushandisa kukuru kwemaxin kana kuri kuuya paradzira zvirimwa asexually, kungave kuburikidza nekucheka, matanda, nezvimwe. Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo uye kushomeka kwekufamba, inowanzo shandiswa auxin mune idzi kesi indole butyric acid, kana IBA. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid kana ANA inowanzo shandiswa, asi inonyanya kufamba, ichikonzera mhedzisiro yayo kusagadzikana dzimwe nguva. Mune tishu tsika micropropagation, auxins 2,4-D uye ANA zvinowanzo shandiswa kukurudzira maseru kupatsanurana uye kukurudzira midzi kuumbwa mune isina kukamurwa calli.
Chibereko chakabata
Kumwe kushandiswa kwakajairika kwemaaxins ndiko wedzera michero inobata pasi pemamwe mamiriro uye marudzi. Semuenzaniso: Iko kushandiswa kwe naphthoxyacetic kunomutsa kusunga kwe michero yemadomasi kana iri mumaruva pasi pemamiriro ekunze nehusiku. Nekudaro, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa kushandiswa kweiyi auxin hakune zvahunobatsira. Kana zviri zvimwe zvirimwa, naphthoxyacetic inogona kunge isina mhedzisiro kana kusaenderana. Nekudaro, kuisanganisa nemamwe mahormoni kunogona kufarira kusunga kwezvibereko zvemamwe marudzi.
Kukura kwemichero
Zvakare mune yekukura nhanho yemichero, auxins anogona kushandiswa kuwedzera uye kukurudzira saizi yavo yekupedzisira. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro iyi yakawanikwa chete ne4-CPA uye mune mamwe akanyatsotsanangurwa mhando dzemiti, senge mazambiringa asina mbeu. Mukupesana, zvimwe zvipuka zvakangokonzeresa kushanduka kwemashizha, kusaenzana mukukura kwemichero uye kunonoka kuibva.
Chibereko chinodonha
Kune zvirimwa zvinoda michero kutetepa, inonziwo michero kutetepa. Iyi tsika yetsika inosanganisira kubvisa michero yakawandisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinodikanwa kuti mhando uye saizi yekugadzira iwedzere uye nekudaro inodzivirira kuchinja kukuru. Kubudikidza neayoxin inonzi 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, kudonha kwemichero kunogona kufurirwa. Chaizvoizvo chinangwa ndechekubvisa zvishoma zvibereko zvidiki kuti pave nemakwikwi mashoma uye nekudaro kuwedzera saizi yemichero inosara pamuti, semaapuro nemapere. Izvo zvakare zvine chinangwa chekudzora ese akaipa mhedzisiro iyo michero inogona kuve nayo mune inotevera yegore kutenderera, panguva yekuumbwa kwemaruva. Izvi zvinowanzo kuve chinangwa muapuro nemiorivhi miti.
Kuchengeta michero
Pane zvakasiyana, auxins inogona zvakare kupindira mukudzivirira kwemichero kudonha kana ivo vari muchikamu chakakura. Kuti uwane izvi, auxin inofanira kuiswa kune michero yave kuda kuibva. Izvi zvinogona kudonha nguva isati yakwana kana vakasunungura ethylene zvakasikwa. Kazhinji, hunyanzvi uhu hunoshandiswa kukohora maapuro, mandimu, maranjisi uye michero yemazambiringa uye zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa ANA kana 2,4-D.
Auxin semushonga wekuuraya sora
Mamwe mahormone akadai se2,4-do kana Picloram vane mushonga wekuuraya mishonga pane mimwe miriwo kana iwo madosi ari pamusoro. Maitiro ayo anosanganisira kukura kusungwa, akapetwa mashizha, uye kuwedzerwa hunde ukobvu.
Kumwe kushandiswa kweaxin
Kunze kwemhedzisiro yatataura kusvika parizvino, mainiini anogona kuve nezvakawanda muzvirimwa, seizvi zvinotevera:
- Kukura kwemaruva zvikamu
- Kukurudzirwa kwe photosynthate kuyerera
- Kunonoka nhengo yekukura
Ndinovimba ichi chinyorwa chakubatsira iwe kunzwisisa zvirimwa zvishoma zvirinani uye kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda nezve nyika yepabhotani. Zuva rega rega maficha matsva ari kuwanikwa ayo mafomu asati aedzwa.