Zvakawanda zvinotaurwa pamusoro pekukosha kwekuchengeta zvirimwa nezvirimwa: kudiridza, kuchekerera, kubereka... Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi fetereza? Ndechei? Kana usina kunyatsojeka, ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga, sezvo isu tichapindura mibvunzo miviri.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatsanangura kuti fetereza chii uye kuti inoshandiswa sei. Zvakare, Tichakurukura mhando dzakasiyana uye ndezvipi zvakanakira zvayo zvikuru. Ndinovimba unowana ruzivo urwu runobatsira uye runonakidza!
Fetereza chii uye inoshandiswa nei?
Ngatitangei nekupindura mubvunzo mukuru: Chii chinonzi fetereza? Icho chinhu chero chipi zvacho, chingave cheorganic kana inorganic, icho chine chikafu chinodiwa chemiriwo muchimiro chinogona kubatanidzwa nazvo. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda, yakadai sekuwedzera kana kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvezvokudya muvhu, kuwedzera kunaka kwe substrate kana kubatsira kukura kwemiti, pakati pevamwe. Mimwe mienzaniso yefetereza yezvakatipoteredza kana yechisikigo ndiyo yakakurumbira mupfudze, yakasanganiswa nekugadzirwa nemarara akasiyana siyana ekurima, sefodya, uye guano, iyo inoumbwa nemadonhwe eshiri dzakasiyana-siyana.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti miriwo haidi makemikari akaoma, akadai seamino acids kana mavitamini anokosha kuvanhu, asi ivo pachavo vanogadzira zvavanoda. Kune zvikamu gumi nenomwe zvemakemikari zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa nenzira yekuti zvinomera zvinokwanisa kuzvitora. zvakadai senitrogen. Izvi zvinogona kupiwa nenzira yeammonium compounds, pure ammonia, urea kana nitrate. Nzira dzose idzi dzine kushanda kwakafanana.
Pane tsananguro yefetereza yakadzikwa nemirairo yefetereza yeEU, uye iri seinotevera: "Zvinhu izvo basa guru nderokupa zvinovaka muviri kune zvirimwa". Kana tichiisa fetereza kumunda, kuita uku kunonzi “fertilization”. Pamwe chete nemagadzirirwo aya, mafetereza acho ari chikamu chezvinonzi mafetereza. Panguva iyi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti fetereza haina kufanana nemapfudze. Kana iwe uchida kuziva mutsauko wakajeka pakati pepfungwa mbiri, tarisa chinyorwa ichi: Musiyano uripo pakati pemanyowa nefotereza.
Fetereza yakashandiswa kubvira kare. Kare, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvaiwedzerwa muvhu:
- Iyo phosphates yemapfupa, iyo inogona kuverengerwa kana kwete.
- Iyo potassium yemadota.
- Nitrogen kubva mundove yemhuka neyemunhu.
Ndedzipi mhando nhatu dzefetireza?
Zvino zvatava kuziva kuti fetereza chii, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti, kazhinji, marudzi matatu akasiyana anosiyaniswa pamusoro pezvose. Zvakadaro, Fetereza inogona kuiswa mumapoka mana, kunyange mashanu kana tikaverenga biofertilizer. Ngatione zvavari:
- Inorganic fetereza: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita ravo, mafetireza aya haaitwe kubva muvhu. Kugadzirwa kwayo kunoitwa mumaindasitiri. Kuti uite izvi, zvimwe zvikamu zvinoshandurwa kuita rudzi rwechikafu chekugadzirisa miriwo, zvose kuburikidza nemakemikari. Mhando yefetireza iyi ine pundutso huru, uye ndiko kuti kudya kwavanopa kunogona kushandiswa nekukasika nezvirimwa. Zvimwe zvacho zvinogadzirwa zvakananga kubva kune zvakakosha zvekudya zvepasi: phosphorus, potassium uye nitrogen.
- Organic fertilizer: Kusiyana neaya apfuura, aya anogadzirwa kubva kune organic matter. Izvi zvinotora pamusoro pezvese kubva kumiti uye/kana zvisaririra zvemhuka. Kutora chikamu kwemunhu pakugadzira rudzi urwu rwefetereza kudiki, kana kusiri kusina maturo. Kune akawanda mabhenefiti anopihwa ne organic fertilizer, iyo huru inove iyo yakanaka mhedzisiro yavanoita pane zvese chimiro uye kuumbwa kwevhu. Muenzaniso unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima mupfudze.
- Organic-mineral fertilizer: Aya mafetiraiza anogadzirwa kubva kune organic matter, asi ma nutrients emineral origin anowedzerwawo panguva yekugadzira. Kubatsira kwayo kukuru ndeyekuti inounza pamwe chikafu uye organic matter yekurima mune chimwe chigadzirwa.
- Marine algae, humic extracts uye amino acids: Algae imhando yefotereza isinganatsiridze ivhu chete, asi kuti inokurudzira kurimwa nenzira yakagadzikana. Kana ari ehumic extracts, iwo zvakare ari organic uye anokurudzira kubereka kwevhu. Pakupedzisira, amino acids anobatsira kuvandudza zvirimwa izvo zviri pasi pekunetseka, sezvo zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti zvirimwa zvizviraramise vachishandisa simba shoma.
Chii chinonzi biofertilizers?
Takambokurukura kuti fetereza chii uye kuti ndedzipi mhando dziriko, asi nguva pfupi yadarika mabiofertilizers akatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima. Asi chii chaizvo? Zvakanaka, izvo zviri pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvinoumbwa nehumwe hutachiona, pakati pahwo huri pamusoro pese mabhakitiriya uye fungi. Mishonga iyi inobatsira kuvandudza kunaka kwevhu uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekudya kwechirimwa. Zvirokwazvo: Kuiswa kwebiofertilizers kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera goho.
Kune dzakawanda zvinobatsira inopiwa nemhando iyi yefetereza, asi inonyanya kukosha ndeiyi inotevera:
- Kunowedzera kubereka kwevhu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
- Batsira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza.
- Inobatsira kugadzirisa kabhoni muvhu uye kutorwa kwemvura.
- Inoita kuti zvirimwa zvekurima zvirambe zviripo.
- Inofarira zvinhu zvipenyu zviri muvhu.
Nekudaro, pane chimwe chigadzirwa chatinogona kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakafanana: Ivhu activators. Pasinei nekusaita zvipenyu muvhu, zvinowedzera kuvepo kwezvose zviri zviviri fungi uye mabhakitiriya anotowanikwa muvhu.
Sezvauri kuona, nyika yemafetireza yakafaranuka uye musika unotipa akati wandei sarudzo dzekusarudza kubva. Misanganiswa iyi kana makomboni inobatsira zvikuru kupfumisa ivhu uye kuita kuti zvirimwa zvikure zviri nani. Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti nyaya imwe neimwe yakasarudzika, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekugara uchisarudza mhinduro dzakasimba dzekubatsira kuchengetedza nharaunda nepasi redu.