Yerba mate chirimwa nesainzi chinozivikanwa seParaguay holly. Yakave iripo kubva panguva yekare uye chikamu chetsika yekubika. Iyo inozivikanwa nekunaka kwayo zvishoma uye nekubatsira kwayo mukurapa zvimwe zvirwere zvehutano. Inopararira zvakasikwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevagari veParaná neAlto Uruguay mabheseni, kwaanobva. Gare gare, yakarimwa pamwero wakarongeka ndokuva chinhu chikuru muzvinwiwa zvakajairika. Yerba mate yakachengetedza mukurumbira wayo nekufamba kwenguva, kunyanya munyika dzeSouth America dzakadai sePanama, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay neChile, uko chiri chiratidzo chetsika dzavo. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda havazivi chii yerba shamwari.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tiri kuenda kutsaurira chinyorwa ichi kukuudza chii yerba mate, chii maitiro ayo uye chikuru kutarisirwa inoda.
Chii chinonzi yerba mate
Iwo muti wepasi pevhu unobva kusango reParaná, uye musango unokura mumatenhere eAlto Uruguay, Alto Paraná Basin uye nharaunda dzeParaguay River. Muchisikigo inogona kusvika kureba kwemamita gumi nemashanu, nepo muminda inova gwenzi diki 15 cm kureba ne trunk ine mapazi. zvekutengesa, Inorimwa kuArgentina, iyo yakakura pasi rose inogadzira yerba mate, ichiteverwa neBrazil neParaguay.
Uyu muti unogara wakasvibira usingawire muvhuvhu, uye mashizha anogara anenge makore matatu pachirimwa. Matavi anobuda mumuti pamakona ekurudyi, aine tsono, mashizha egirinhi ane micheto yakakombama uye tsinga dzakanyanya kucherechedzwa dzeyero. Iyo inowana mate kubva pasi payo yakaoma mashizha nemapazi, yakakurumbira infusion kubva kuParaguay, Argentina, kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil, Bolivia, Uruguay neChile.
Munguva yemaruva (October-November) inobereka maruva machena, mazamu echirume ane kubva ku3 kusvika ku11 maruva uye madzimai kubva ku3 kusvika ku11 maruva akasununguka pa dioecious. Muchero wacho unoibva muna Ndira kusvika Kurume uye une ruvara rwepepuru, tsvuku kana dema kana waibva. Kukohwewa kweyerba mate kunoitwa nemaoko, kutanga muna Ndira kusvika muna Chivabvu zvichienderera mberi kusvika Gunyana. Mushure mekukohwa, muti weerba mate uchakura mashizha akawanda.
Properties uye pekugara
Chirimwa ichi chinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzinopisa dzine hunyoro uye kunaya kwemvura yakawanda semakomo nemasango ane mipata. Kana iri pasi, inoda ivhu kana jecha, ine imwe acidity. Inoita zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakadzika dzakadzika dzine mvura yakakwana nekudzika. Uyewo munzvimbo idzo dzine mukurumbira mutsvuku kana mutsvuku. Izvi zvinopa zvinovaka muviri senge laterite uye akasiyana mamineral kukurudzira kukura kwakajairika.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakatanhamara zveyerba mate ndeye antioxidants yayo. Nokudaro, inoshandiswa kudzivirira kukwegura kwemasero. Inovandudzawo dziviriro yemusikirwo yomuviri uye inodzivirira zvirwere zvemwoyo, sezvo ichideredza inonzi yakaipa cholesterol.
Yerba mate ine caffeine uye theophylline, iyo inokurudzira iyo central nervous system uye inokurudzira kushanda kwepfungwa uye kuisa pfungwa. Zvicherwa zvakaita se potassium zvakakosha kuti mwoyo ushande zvakanaka. Iyo ine zvakare yakanaka magnesium kubatsira muviri kutora mapuroteni. Iine amino acids uye B mavitamini, ayo anodiwa pakugadzira simba.
Zvimwe zvinodzivirira hutano zvechirimwa ndeye diuretic, depurative, vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, laxative uye kuporesa zvinhu. Inonzi inokurudzira basa rekuziva.
Kubereka uye kushandiswa kweyerba mate
Yerba mate inogona kuparadzirwa nembeu, asi izvi hazvisi nyore sezvo zvinoda hurongwa hunorwadza. Mbeu dzinounganidzwa kubva kumuchero wechirimwa chaamai uye zvino vanodyarwa zvakare munzvimbo inodzorwa. Kana mbesa dzamera, dzinoenda kunzvimbo yakakura kwadzinopedzisa kuumba. Kana iwe uchida kuwanda nekukurumidza, iwe unogona kuzviita nekucheka, layers uye grafts. Pollination inoitwa nezvipembenene.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinwiwa dzakagadzirirwa kubva pamashizha akaomeswa uye pasi uye matavi emuti uyu. Mate, tereré uye cocido zvinomira pachena, asi inonyanya kufarirwa ishamwari. MuArgentina neUruguay inodyiwa sezvinotapira. Kune dzimwe nyika seParaguay, inodyiwa ichivava kana nemukaka unopisa kana kuchinaya.
Iyi infusion inogadzirwa nemvura inopisa uye yakasununguka yerba mate. Zvinonyanya kutorwa mumudziyo wakagadzirwa nematanda kana zvimwewo zvakafanana nesadza, mudzanga kana girobhu. Tereré inonwiwa mu guambá, mudziyo wakagadzirwa nemuti kana kuti nyanga. Izvi zvakajairwa neParaguay uye zvinonyanya kugadzirirwa nemvura yechando nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Mint kana orenji kana lemon zest inowanzowedzerwa.
Cocido inobikwa yerba mate. Mushure mekubika, simbisa uye uwedzere shuga. Inotorwa nemukaka. MuParaguay inoshandiswa sechinotsiva kofi yemangwanani. Kupfuura zvinwiwa, vakaroorana uye trere tsika muSouthern Cone. Pane tsika kana magariro chiitiko kuvadya. Zvichienderana nechinwiwa chakasarudzwa, chinonzi Tererada kana Mateada. Zvinosanganisira kugovana neshamwari kana mhuri dzinosangana nekutaura. Vese vanenge varipo vanonwira mugaba rimwe chete nemashanga mamwe chete.
Kuva tsika, ine mitemo yayo uye inofanira kuremekedzwa. Kana munhu akakokwa, zvinoreva kuti boka racho rinomuonga uye unoda kumugovera. Chaive chiitiko chepedyo, chinofadza uye chine revo kune vese vakachigovera.
Vagadziri vakuru veyerba mate munyika iArgentina, Brazil neParaguay. Nyika inotenga yakawanda yerba mate iUruguay, ichiteverwa neChile neUnited States. Argentine yerba mate inonyanya kutengwa neSyria. Nyika yechipiri iChile, asi mune nhamba diki kwazvo.
Batsirwa
Yerba mate yakanakira hutano hwako uye pano tinokuratidza mamwe mabhenefiti ayo kumuviri.
- Yerba mate tii inotsigira hutano hwemoyo nekuti ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe antioxidants, iyo inogona kudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvemwoyo, pamwe nekugadzirisa cholesterol uye kudzivirira mafuta kubva pakuunganidza mutsinga.
- Inowedzerawo cholesterol yakanaka, iyo inodzivirira kurwisa kwemwoyo.
- Inobatsira kuderedza kukwegura sezvo ayo antioxidants anodzivirira masero kupfeka uye oxidation
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii yerba mate uye maitiro ayo.