Semunyika yemhuka nemunyika yezvirimwa kune akawanda mapoka, mapoka uye marudzi, mune ayo ehutachiona zvakare. Kunyanya, mabhakitiriya ane mukana unoshamisa kwazvo kune avo akasiyana mabhenefiti: Cyanobacteria. Iwo anowanzo kuve ane hukama neye algae uye yegungwa uye yemumvura zvinomera zvebhuruu uye greenish toni
Izvi zvisikwa zvave zvichikosha zvakanyanya padanho rekushanduka uye rekushanduka. Kuwanikwa kwake kwaive kubudirira munyika yebhotani. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve cyanobacteria, hunhu hwavo uye mabhenefiti avo uye zvinokuvadza, ramba uchiverenga ichi chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi cyanobacteria uye vanowanikwa kupi?
Pakati pebhakitiriya pane dzakasiyana phyla kana zvikamu, chimwe chazvo cyanobacteria. Aya ane kugona kuita oxygenic photosynthesis, mavanowana maerekitironi kubva mumvura, nokudaro vachiburitsa okisijeni sechigadzirwa. Nekuti ndivo chete ma prokaryotes ekuita kudaro, iwo zvakare anowanzozonzi oxyphotobacteria.
Kwenguva yakareba, cyanobacteria yaizivikanwa se cyanophytic algae, zvinoreva kuti "zvinomera zvebhuruu," kana cyanophytes, iyo inoshandura ku "blue algae." Asi muchiSpanish ivo vakawanzo kusarudzwa sebhuruu-girini kana bhuruu-girini algae. Mushure mekuwanikwa kwemusiyano uripo pakati pemasero eukaryotic uye prokaryotic, zvakaonekwa kuti kune chete izvi prokaryotic algae, saka zita re cyanobacteria.
Pane mashoma mashoma maitiro ecyanobacteria atinoda kuratidza. Sezvatakambotaura kare, ivo vane prokaryotic uye unicellular. Uye zvakare, ivo vanogara mumakoroni muchimiro chemakomba emhango, machira kana filamendi. Chimwe chiitiko chekusimbisa ndechekuti nzvimbo yaro yakajairika ivhu nemvura. Izvo zvinonakidza zvakare kuziva kuti ivo vanokwanisa kurarama pane ese ari maviri akadzika uye akadzikira tembiricha. Kana zviri zvekubereka, izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nekuparadzaniswa kwemafilamenti avo. Kunyangwe kuvepo kwecyanobacteria kuri kubatsira zvakanyanya kune zvipenyu, zvimwe zvipuka zvinogadzira zvine chepfu zvinokwanisa kuisa chepfu kune zvimwe zvipenyu zvinogovana nharaunda imwechete.
Habitat
Idzo nzvimbo dzinowanzozivikanwa pakati pecyanobacteria ndidzo nharaunda dzenzvimbo, ndiko kuti, madziva nemadhamu, kunze kwematanda akafa, kuhukura kwemuti uye nevhu nyoro. Zvakare, mamwe marudzi ari halophilic uye anogara mumakungwa. Vamwe, kune rumwe rutivi, vane thermophilic uye vanogara mageys.
Sezvo cyanobacteria yakura kwazvo, niches dzavakauya kuzodzikamisa dzakasiyana kwazvo. Kunyangwe ivo vasiri kukumbira zvakanyanya maererano nenharaunda, zviri maererano nemvura. Tinogona kuwana zvipuka izvi zvese pasi uye mumvura uye munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira kana yakaderera. Cyanobacteria inokwanisa kuumba macalcareous zvimiro uye kunyange kugara mune yakasviba mvura.
Cyanobacteria: Mienzaniso
Kunyangwe paine akawanda cyanobacteria ayo isu tine humbowo hwanhasi, isu tichaenda kunongedzera mashoma chete. Muenzaniso ungave mabhakitiriya anonzi Aphanizomenonfls-aquae. Aya anowanikwa mune ese manyoro uye emunyu mvura. Chii chimwe, Izvo zvinorimwa kuti zvishandiswe sefetiraiza, kugadzira zvinodhaka, kana zvekudya. Mumwe muenzaniso angave mabhakitiriya anonzi arthrospiraplatensis, inonziwo Spirulinas. Izvo zvakajairika kwazvo munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dzemvura. Uye zvakare, isu tinogona kuvawana vari mumvura vane carbonate zvemukati zvakakwirira.
Cyanobacteria: Zvakanakira uye Zvinokuvadza
Kufanana nemamwe mabhakitiriya mazhinji, cyanobacteria yakakosha zvakanyanya muchimiro uye nekushanduka. Kuburikidza neiyo oxygenic photosynthetic maitiro, ivo zvinonzwisisika zvinopa kune oxygenation yemamiriro ekutanga mamiriro. Kunze kweiri rakakosha basa, ndidzo chete mhuka dzinogona kugadzirisa senitrogen yemuchadenga. Kugona uku kwakakosha kune izvo zvisikwa zvinogara mukufananidza ne cyanobacteria, sezvo ivo vachipa iyo nitrogenous macomputer avanoda. Pakati pavo pane fungi, protozoa, uye zvimwe zvirimwa. Chinhu chinodikanwa ndechekuti cyanobacteria inoshaya rusero rusvingo mune lichen, inoshanda semakloroplast anogadzira chikafu cheumwe wavo waanoteedzana naye.
Nenzira imwe chete. kuiswa kwe nitrogen muvhu kunovaita sarudzo yakanaka yefetiraiza, sezvo ivo vanovandudza kunaka kwevhu. Uyezve, cyanobacteria yaive yekutanga maererano nekugadzirwa kweklorophyll A uye B uye imwe photosynthetic pigments. Iwo zvakare epamberi emakororoplast mune ese epasi maruva uye algae.
Nekudaro, hatifanire kukanganwa izvo mamwe marudzi ecyanobacteria anogadzira zvimwe zvine chepfu zvine njodzi kune zvimwe zvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo imwechete kana izvo zvinoshandisa mvura inowanikwa izvi zvisikwa. Iyo chepfu yavanogadzira inogona kunge iri yemhando dzakasiyana:
- Cytotoxic: Vanorwisa masero.
- Hepatotoxic: Vanorwisa chiropa.
- Neurotoxic: Vanorwisa tsinga.
Nyika ye botanicals yakakura kwazvo uye inonakidza kwazvo. Nhengo yega yega inopa kugona kwayo kuitira kuti zvisikwa zviite uye zvichengetedzwe. Cyanobacteria, kunyangwe nehupfu hwavanogona kuburitsa, chikamu chemamwe niches angave asina kufanana pasina ivo. Kuti tidzivise shanduko dzinogona kukonzera kutsakatika kwemarudzi asingaverengeki emarudzi ese, isu tinofanirwa kutarisira pasi.