Cytokinins

Dyara mahormone anosanganisira mamwe anonzi cytokinins. Izvo zviri kuwedzera zvakajairika kuvawana mune zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvekurima, sezvo ivo vachigona kubatsira kuwedzera mhando uye huwandu hwemichero yemimwe michero. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti basa rayo guru kupatsanura masero.

Kunyange zvakadaro phytohormones anonyatsodzidziswa nhasi uye anoshandiswa kazhinji kune zvirimwa, vashoma kwazvo vanhu vanoziva kuti zvirimwa zvine avo mahormone. Kuti tijekese kusahadzika nezve cytokinins, tichaenda kunopindura muchinyorwa chino izvo zvavari, zvavanoita, ndezvipi zvavanoshandisa padanho rekurima uye ndiani akazviwana.

Chii chinonzi cytokinins?

Iyo inozivikanwawo se cytokinins, cytokinins ndiwo phytohormones, ndiko kuti, kudyara mahormone, chinangwa chavo ndechekusimudzira kupatsanurwa kwemasero uye mutsauko wavo. Zita reizvi rine mavambo aro mune izwi rekuti "cytokinesis", iro rinoenderana neyakaitika nzira yekuparadzaniswa kwemasero. Aya mahormone emiti akakosha pakuumbwa kwenhengo mumiti uye mukugadzirisa kweakasiyana maitiro ehupenyu, seaya anotevera:

• Apical kutonga (kukura mutemo)
• Photosynthesis
• Senescence
• Dyara hutachiona (kuramba hutachiona)
• Apoptosis (yakatemerwa kufa)
• Kushivirira uye kuzvidzivirira kubva kune herbivores

Chii chinonzi cytokinins?

Kwenguva yakareba, varimi vanoshandisa zvakasiyana phytohormones kurapa zvirimwa zvavo. Pakati pezvinobatsira, vanoisa IBA yekutora midzi, 2,4-D semushonga wemushonga uye ANA yekuchekesa michero. Kana vachida kusimudzira kukura kwezvose zvirimwa nemichero yacho, vanowanzo shandisa gibberellins senge gibberellic acid, nepo ethephon inowanzo shandiswa mukukura kwemichero nekudonha kwenhengo.

Kana ari ma cytokinins, kushandiswa kwavo padanho rekurima kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nhasi kune zvigadzirwa zvinoverengeka zvekutengesa zvine mafomula ane yakanyanya kugadzirisazve. Kushanda kwaro kunogoneka mumhando dzese dzemiriwo, tafura yemazambiringa, miti yekushongedza, miti yemichero nezvimwe zvirimwa. Nezve padanho rekupindurwa kwemuti wega wega, izvi zvakatarwa uye zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, senge nguva yekushandisa kana zera remuti. Chinhu chinocherechedzwa cheaya phytohormones ndechekuti mashandiro ayo akakwirira kwazvo, saka madosi anodiwa akaderera.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Auxin

Chinangwa chikuru kana uchishandisa cytokinins mune zvekurima ndeye wedzera saizi, huwandu uye mhando yezvibereko. Tevere tiri kuenda kuzokurukura ayo akajairika mafomu.

Chibereko chakabata uye kukura

Kune akatiwandei marudzi emiriwo mairi cytokinins inoita kunge inokurudzira michero kuomerera kana kubata, kunyanya mune dzenyama. Mhedzisiro iyi inowedzerwa kana gibberellins nemaaxin akaiswa panzvimbo dzakadzika panguva imwe chete.

Sechikamu chakakosha chekukura kwezvose zvine nyama uye zvisina-nyama michero zvinoitika nekuparadzaniswa kwemasero enyama yavo, cytokinins zvakare inoita basa rakakosha munzvimbo ino. Kana idzi phytohormones dzichiitiswa panguva iyo kupatsanurwa kwesero kwakanyanya, michero inopedzisira yave yakakura, izvo zvinopedzisira zvave nemhedzisiro pane goho uye mhando yechirimwa.

Kukura kwezvirimwa

Kunyangwe iko kushandiswa kwegibberellic acid kuchipa kukurumidza kukura kwezvirimwa, cytokinins anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Aya ane mhinduro inononoka asi ine simba. Vanogadzirira chirimwa kuti chibereke michero nemaruva. Zvakare kushandiswa kwecytokinins kunonyanya kushanda kana zvirimwa zvave pasi pekunetseka mamiriro. Uye zvakare, kuisa aya phytohormones kumiriwo mune yevakuru nhanho kunogona kumutsazve goho, nokudaro kuwedzera uye kuchengetedza kukura kwavo.

Kubudirira kwe lateral buds

Pakati pekushandisa kwakawanda kwecytokinins zvakare iri induction ye lateral bud kuvhura mumhando dzakasiyana dzemiti. Mune zvimwe zviitiko umo kutonga kweyekupedzisira budhu kwakanyanyisa, kushandiswa kwema cytokinin kunogona kudzikisira uku kutonga uye nekudaro kunomutsa kumera kwemashure mabhureki.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Microbiology

Kuumbwa uye kugoverwa kwe photosynthates

Sezvo cytokinins inoita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa kwema chloroplast, iwo sarudzo yakanaka yekuvandudza photosynthesis. Kuburikidza navo, semuenzaniso, iyo synthesis yechlorophyll uye chiito chema enzymes chinokurudzirwa.

Kunonoka senescence

Iwe unogona kutaura kuti senescence yakaenzana nekukwegura. Cytokinins dzinowanzoenderana nekugadzirwa kweklorophyll. Saka, madiki maturu anowanzo kuve neakakwira chiitiko uye chiyero cheiyi phytohormone. Zvese zviri zviviri nekuda kwekushushikana uye zera, nhengo dzinogona kurasikirwa nekwaniso yavo yekuchengetedza metabolic chiitiko. Semhedzisiro, zvirimwa zvinogadzira zvishoma cytokinins.

Mbeu kumera

Emogenous mazinga ecytokinins anowedzera zvemukati kana iyo yekumera maitiro yapera, ichikurudzira zvakanyanya. Kazhinji, aya phytohormones vane pesvedzero pane inoitika panoshandiswa mamwe mahormone segibberellic acid pamwechete kana kare.

Ndiani akawana chirimwa kemikari cytokinins?

Kuwanikwa kwe cytokinins kuchangobva kuitika uye kuferefeta kwayo kukuru kwakaitwa kubva mugore ra1950 naMiller naSkoog. Aya masayendisiti maviri akawana kuti zvimwe zvakatemwa zvemichero zvaive zvakare zvine simba zvikuru vanoita zvekuparadzanisa masero.

Naizvozvo, idzi phytohormones dzinokurudzira kuwanda kwemasero uye dzinochengetedza kukura kwemasukisi emiti akagadzirwa mu vitro. Nguva pfupi mushure mekuwana uku, Miller naSkoog vakakurudzira dzidziso yekuti ndeyekutenda pachiyero pakati peayains uye cytokinins iyo inodyara nhengo dzinogona kuumba. Masayendisiti ese ari maviri akaedza zvirimwa zvefodya uye akataridza kuti yakakwira cytokinin chiyero chinodakadza kudzika kwemuti, nepo yakakwira auxin chiyero chinofarira kugadzirwa kwemidzi.

MaCytokinins anotambawo mamwe mabasa kunze kwekuve iwo anotonga enhengo nyowani yekuumbwa. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanopindira mukudzvinyirira kweapical kutonga, mukuvhurwa kwe stomata uye mukudzivirira kwesenesecence yemashizha.

Sezvatinogona kuona, bhotani ipasi rese pasiri iro iro zuva rega rega ratinogona kudzidza zvimwe uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo kana ruzivo nezvigadzirwa zvine cytokinins, unogona kutisiira mhinduro.