Munyika yezvekurima mune mbeu dzakasimbiswa dzinogadzirwa nekutengeswa kuti zvienderane nemitemo yazvino. Nenzira iyi, hunhu hwayo hunovimbiswa nekuti kuomarara kwayo kunovimbiswa uye kuti ine simba guru rekumera. Kune akasiyana gorosi mhando muSpain iyo yakasimwa nekuda kwegoho ravo uye mhando.
Muchikamu chino tiri kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzegorosi uye hunhu hwavo.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzegorosi
Mhando dzegorosi rakapfava ndidzo dzinovimbisa kugadzirwa kwepamusoro muzvirimwa pamwe nemhando yepamusoro mune ese ari maviri masimba epakati nemitsetse yakatambanudzwa. Ngatione kuti ndeapi marudzi aya:
- Nyoro nyoro yegorosi dzakasiyana Galera. Inobereka kwazvo. Indasitiri yeupfu munyika medu iri kudiwa kukuru. Hunhu hwayo huri nani pane hwemhando yepamusoro yegorosi. Inobatanidza mhando uye mashandiro anodikanwa kune goho rinobatsira. Iyo ine inochinjika kwazvo, ndiyo yakasimba kwazvo mhando pakati pemhando dzakafanana, uye inogona kupa kugadzirwa kwepamusoro. MuEbro Valley, Castilla La Mancha naCastilla León, kurimwa kwemadiridziro kunokurudzirwa. Ine kurwisa kwakasimba kuzvirwere zvakaita sehupfu, septoria uye ngura yebrown. Yayo mapuroteni muzana ndeye 15%.
- Yakazara yegore gorosi yemhando yeBadiel. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwegorosi rakadiridzwa, rinobereka kudarika mamwe marudzi egorosi. Kuramba kwaro pekugara kwakasimba kwazvo, senge Gazul dzakasiyana, inopokana nezvirwere zvakaita se powdery mildew uye septoria. Kurwisa kune brown uye yero ngura zvine mwero. Munzvimbo idzi dzinowanzoitika, dzinofanirwa kurapwa nema fungicides chaiwo. Iyo ine yepakati muzana yeprotein, hupfu hwayo huremu ine yakakwira yekudzivirira kukosha uye inopa yakagadziriswa furawa ine tsika yekushinga.
- Califa Sur gorosi dzakasiyana. Iyo misiyano inosvika ku13% yakawanda inogadzira. Iyo ine yakanaka inochinjika zvese kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba kweSpain. Iko kusimba kwesimba kwakanyanya uye kune huwandu hweprotein iyo inodarika gumi neshanu muzana. Inopa hupfu hwakasimba uye igorosi rinovandudza gluten. Ipfupi uye kugona kwayo kurerekera kwakanyanya kukwirira.
Durum mhando dzegorosi
Mhando dze durum gorosi ndedzinotevera:
- Atoris: Izvo zvakasiyana zvinopa goho repamusoro uye rakatsiga. Inogona kuchinjika mushe kune ese marudzi enzvimbo uye inopokana nezvimwe zvirwere zvakaita septoria uye yero ngura. Iyo ine mhando yepamusoro vatatu.
- Wasp: Iyo ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana durum gorosi inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekugona kwayo kukuru. Ndiyo imwe yedzaka kudyarwa kwazvo munyika medu. Uye ndeyekuti inopa kukura kukuru kwezvirimwa uye nhanho yakanakisa yekurima. Kutenda kune echisikigo michinjikwa ine kurwisa kukuru kuzvirwere uye kunetiweki.
- KikoNick: zvakare ine chigadzirwa chakanaka pane ese marudzi enzvimbo. Iyo ine yakanaka mhando semolina uye pastera. Iine protein yakakura uye inovandudza mhando yeguten. Iyo ine yakanaka kupokana kune rusts uye pekugara.
- Noviris: ndeimwe yemhando dzegorosi dzinodyarwa nekukurumidza asi dzine mhando yepamusoro. Inonyanya kurimwa kuchamhembe kwepeninsula uye inopesana nezvirwere. Iine tsanga yemhando yepamusoro uye yakanaka kwazvo gluten.
Mbeu yegorosi yakasimbiswa inorimwa muSpain inowanzo kuve inochinjika kumatunhu nemumamiriro ekunze, mimwe isingabatwe nezvirwere. Asi uyu ndiwo munda umo tsvakiridzo inoenderera ichiwana hunhu huri nani hweramangwana.
Kurongwa
Mukupatsanurwa, mhando huru dzegorosi dzinosiyaniswa zvichienderana nezvinhu zviviri zvakakosha izvo zvinotevera:
- Genetic endowment: Durum gorosi (Triticum durum) kana gorosi rakajairika (Triticum aestivum). Gorosi rakajairika ndiyo mhando yegorosi yakanyanya kurimwa nekuti inoshandiswa kugadzira chingwa kana furawa yekudya. Yayo majini endowment ndeye hexaploid. Mukupesana, durum gorosi ine tetraploid genetic endowment uye yakakwira protein protein; inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira pasita.
- Zvirimwa kutenderera: Nguva yechando gorosi kana yegorosi yegore. Nguva yechando gorosi inodyarwa mukudonha uye inowanzo kukohwewa 8-10 mwedzi gare gare. Nguva yetembiricha yakadzika inodikanwa kuti ubudirire maruva (vernalization). Muchiitiko chegorosi remuchirimo, hazvidi kuti vernalization. Inodyarwa muchirimo uye inokohwewa kwapera mwedzi 4-6.
Zvidzidzo uye kutsvagisa
Kuti vaedze uye vaone mhando yegorosi inobereka kwazvo, vakaedzwa kuAndalusia, Aragon, Castilla La Mancha, Castilla León, Catalonia, Euskadi, Estrela Madura, Galicia, Madrid neNavarra. Nharaunda ina dzekutanga dzine miedzo yakawanda.
Iyo bvunzo dzakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeagroclimatic matunhu kufambisa dudziro uchifunga nezve tembiricha uye kunaya kwemvura kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti zvakakosha zvikuru kuenzanisa maitiro ehunhu emhando maererano nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze.
Kuti ugadzire mhando dzegorosi zvinoenderana netembiricha, kana zvichibva paavhareji tembiricha mumwedzi waApril, zvinotevera zvinomisikidzwa:
- Nzvimbo dzinotonhora, pasi pe11 ° C.
- Nzvimbo dzakadzikama, pakati pe11 ne15 ° C.
- Nzvimbo dzinodziya, pamusoro pe13 ° C.
Idzo nzvimbo dzakatarwa maererano nehutongi hwekunaya dzinoiswa sezvikamu zvinotevera:
- Semi-yakaoma nzvimbo, uko kunaya kwegore negore kwakaenzana kana kuti pasi pe500 mm.
- Sub-nyorovera nzvimbo, nemvura yegore negore inonaya kudarika mazana mashanu emamirimita asi isingasviki 500 mm.
- Nzvimbo dzakanyorova, nemvura yegore negore inopfuura 700 mm.
Muchidzidzo ichi, gorosi rakajairika rechando rakaedzwa mumatunhu gumi nematatu anotonhorera uye gumi nembiri nzvimbo dzakadzikama. Panguva imwecheteyo, gorosi rezhizha rakajairika rakaedzwa kamwe chete munzvimbo dzinotonhora, asi ka13 munzvimbo dzakadzikama uye kasere munzvimbo dzinodziya. Durum gorosi rakaedzwa munzvimbo nhatu dzakasiyana dzinotonhora, 12 inodziya uye 11 inodziya. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti akasiyana anogona kugadzirwa mune imwe agroclimatic zone, asi kwete mune imwe agroclimatic zone. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuchinjika kwayo kune mamiriro ekunze enharaunda.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mhando dzegorosi dziripo uye nehunhu hwadzo.