Kurimwa kwekotoni

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti kotoni yavo vanoiwana kupi uye inorimwa sei? Zvakanaka, zvinoitika kuti imwe yezvipo zvakapfava zvakagadzirwa nemasikirwo (kana zvisiri zvakanyanya) zvinobva kune genus ye shrub uye herbaceous zvirimwa zvakanakira kuve nazvo muminda midiki yeiyo genus Gossypium. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye yakanyanya kushandiswa ndeye Gossypium hirsutum, iyo inokura semuti wepagore unosvika 150cm pakukwirira munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeMexico. Nekuda kwekuomarara kwayo uye kurima kuri nyore, inogona kudyarwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzemamiriro ekunze.

Donje raishandiswa nevanhu kubvira nakare, kunyanya uye kunyanya kugadzira magumbeze nemajasi kuzvidzivirira kubva kuchando. Asi pamusoro pezvo, chirimwa chinonakidza kwazvo chakakodzera kudyara, kana kamwe chete muhupenyu hwako.

Kurima donje kunoitwa sei?

Cotton ndiyo yaishandiswa nevanhu kubvira kare kare, kunyanya uye kunyanya kugadzira magumbeze nemajasi kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kunotonhora. Asi pamusoro pezvo, chirimwa chinonakidza kwazvo chakakodzera kudyara, kana kamwe chete muhupenyu hwako.

Chekutanga pane zvese kutora mbeu. Zvave kuve nyore kuwana vagoveri vanotengesa donje. Ndokusaka kazhinji kacho kireshi yako yepedyo kana gadheni nzvimbo ine, kana inogona kuvawana pasina matambudziko.

Iyo seedbed (iyo inogona kunge iri musango tireyi, mapoto ega ega, ... chero iwe unazvo zvakawanda zviripo) inogadzirirwa muchirimo, ichangopera njodzi yechando yapfuura. Se substrate iwe unogona kushandisa chaiyo imwe yemabhedhi embeu, kana kuti wepasi rose. Kana iwe uchibhadharwa zvirinani, asi izvo chaizvo hazvina basa.

Tinofanira kuiisa muzuva rose kuitira kuti zvirimwa zvikure nekukurumidza uye zvine hutano. Kana iwe ukaona kuti vanokura vane huremu hwakareba, nehurefu hwakareba uye hwakajeka kwazvo, icho chiratidzo chisina mhaka chekuti havana chiedza.

Kuti udzivise njodzi dzisiri madikanwa, kana dzangoita dzinenge 15-20cm dzakareba dzinogona kudyarwa muhari hombe, inenge 45cm dhayamita. Zvinogona kutaridzika sekuwedzeredza, asi iyo yakawanda substrate iyo midzi iine, zvakanyanya kusimba chirimwa chichakura.

Ikotoni zvinomera zvinotumbuka, kana zvese zvikafamba zvakanaka, muzhizha. The chechikadzi gossypium ine maruva machena uye eyero, asi chimiro hachichinje. Kana ruva racho ranyatsovhenekwa, iyo kapuleti inotanga kuumbika, iyo, kana yakura nekuvhurika, inozofumura donje.

Ichi chirimwa icho, pamusoro pekuve nekushandisa kwakasiyana siyana mupasi remachira, chakashongedza kwazvo, chakanakira kuve nacho mubindu kana muhari.

Nzira yekuchengeta sei donje chirimwa?

Pane makiyi maviri akakosha anoita kuti mbesa dzako dzedonje dzibudirire, inova mamiriro chaiwo evhu kwaachazorimwa uye zvakanyanya kufunga nezve huwandu hwemadiridziro ainoda.

Mbeu yedonje inoshanda zvakanyanya muvhu rinoratidza kudzika uye kana ichidiridzwa, mvura inochengetwa. Izvi zvine chekuita nenyaya yekuti donje rinogara richida hunyoro hwekukura kwaro chaiko, ndosaka ivhu richiwanzokurudzirwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvevhu rezvirimwa izvi.

Kunyangwe iyo substrate inochengetedza ese mvura yaunodiridza, zvakadaro nguva dzose zvirinani kugara uchidiridza, iyo inopa hunyoro hwakaringana kune ivhu, isingapfuure izvi nekusiya madaka. Sezvaunoziva, kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekudiridza uye iwe unogona kusarudza chero yeizvi, kuwana mibairo yakanaka kana ivhu rakachengetwa rakanyorova.

Kudiridza

Aya ndiwo marudzi ekudiridza aunogona kusarudza:

Kudonhedza kudiridza

Iyi yekudonha nzira yekudiridza Iyo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa munguva pfupi yadarika, kunyanya muzvirimwa zvinorimwa mumadhorobha, uye inomiririra imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekudiridzira mbeu yedonje.

Izvi zvine chekuita nenyaya yekuti kudonha kunopa kugara kuchinyorova, asi panguva imwechete kuchidzorwa. Kubva nenzira iyi chirimwa chinogara chiine huwandu hwakaringana hwemvura, asi panguva imwe chete haizombogadzi madhishi anogona kuikuvadza.

Furrow kudiridza

Kubva pamavambo eumambo uye neumambo kusvika nhasi uno, furrow kudiridza inzira inoshanda yekudiridza chaiko kwemuti wedonje, asi ichokwadi zvakare kuti uchafanirwa kutora matanho.

Mukudaro, pasi panofanira kuratidza mwero wakaringana, kuitira kuti usagara uye kumira huwandu hwemvura mune imwe nzvimbo yechirimwa, inokanganisa zvirimwa. Iyi nzira nhasi inogona zvakare kudhura.

Kumwaya mvura yekudiridza

Vanosasa mvura yekudiridzira zvakare inzira inoshanda kwazvo, nekuti ivo vanozotomisikidzwa kudiridza otomatiki pane dzimwe nguva dzezuva uye huwandu chaihwo uye hwakakosha hwemhando iyi yezvirimwa. Dambudziko nderekuti chirongwa chekusasa chirimwa chinogona kureva zvakawandisa mari, kwete zvezvinhu chete, asi zvebasa.

Vanyoreri

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kana zvasvika pakuchengetwa chaiko kwemiti yedonje ndeyekuvapa izvo zvinovaka muviri zvavanoda kuburikidza neyakafanira ivhu ravo.

Nenzira imwecheteyo nenjodzi, iye anonyorera anofanira kunge akaenzana zvakakwana uye nekupa zvimwe zvicherwa zvinozove zvakakosha mukusimudzira kwayo. Imwe yedzinonyanyo shandiswa kuisa fetereza yerudzi urwu rwezvirimwa ndeye phosphorus.

Muzhinji, iri muminda mikuru yekutengesa yekotoni iyo donje inoshandiswa zvakaenzana, nekuti inopa chirimwa simba rinodiwa kuvhura kapuleti kayo inokurumidza uye inoshanda zvakanyanya.

Zvakare, chimwezve chinovaka chikafu chekotoni chirimwa, semamwe miriwo mizhinji, i potassium, zvinozoita kuti zvirimwa izvi zvikure zvine simba uye zvine hutano uye zvichitokonzera kuti mapfunde awo ave akareba kupfuura dai asina kuiswa mbeu. Icho chirimwa chinoda kugara uchibereka.

Kana zvikaitika kuti fetiraiza isina kupihwa, huwandu hwedonje hunotorwa kubva mumiti yega yega huchave hushoma uye kupera simba kwemuti kunoonekwa neziso rakashama.

Ikotoni inodyarwa rini?

Ichave iri chirimo nguva chaiyo yekutanga kukura zvirimwa yedonje, apo tembiricha painotanga kukwira uye hatisisina zvinyorwa zvekutonhora izvo zvinogona kuzvikanganisa muchikamu chekutanga chekukura kwayo. Tinogona kuita izvi kunyangwe nembeu dzakasiirwa isu nezvimwe zvirimwa munguva yematsutso.

Ichave panguva ino yegore apo chirimwa chichava nenzvimbo inokodzera kukura kwakanaka uye kukura, munzvimbo inodziya uye ine hunyoro inopinda mubindu rako munguva yechirimo.

Muchiitiko chekuti hauna mbeu, unogona kuitenga pane chero chitoro chebindu kana kireshi iwe yaunowana kuti utange basa rako rekudyara. Iyo uchanyorovesa mvura kwerinenge zuva, kuitira zuva rinotevera kusarudza avo vakanyura mumvura iyoyo. Izvo zvinoyangarara hazvikuitire zvakanaka.

Ipapo tozoisa mubhedha wembeu muhari, unozadzwa zvizere nevhu tobva tamudiridza, kupedzisa nekuisa mbeu mbiri kana nhatu mune imwe yeiyi mibhedha yembeu. Izvi zvichaputirwa neasara substrate, uyezve mvura zvakare, asi panguva ino kwete nemvura yakananga, asi pane kumwaya.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti donje rimere?

Mushure mekutanga nzira yekugadzirira substrate nembeu yekumera, tinofanira mira pakati pemwedzi nehafu nemwedzi miviri kuitira kuti isu tione chirimwa kekutanga uye ipapo tinogona kuchinjisa icho kugadheni pasi kana kumapoto akasiyana.

Mushure meizvi, kukura kwese kuchauya, uko nefetiraiza yakakwana kuchaita kuti chirimwa chekotoni chikure uye yakagadzirira kugadzirwa kwefibre munenge mwedzi mitanhatu, kubva panguva yawakavaisa mukati mibhedha yembeu.

Mhando dzekotoni

Waizviziva here kwete chete kune mhando yedonje inogona kudyarwa, asi kune makumi mana emhando dzakasiyana pasi rese here? Iyo donje chirimwa chine mhando dzakasiyana, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti chete mana emhando idzi ndeavo vane tambo dzinogona kushandiswa kutengeserana.

Iyi ndiyo mhando ina dzinorimwa kuti dzizotengeswa gare gare:

Gossipium arboreum

Imwe yemiti inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kurima nekutengesa donje pasirese inobva kuSri Lanka neIndia, asi Inogoverwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, pakati payo chikamu chikuru chekondinendi yeAfrica neEurope yese inomira, iri imwe yeanowanikwa munzvimbo dzedonje kuAndalusia.

Gossypium barbadense

Rudzi rweichi chirimwa chekotoni chinowanikwa kunzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba, senge South America uye kunyangwe dzimwe nyika dzinogezesa Pacific Ocean, asi zvakare muchikamu chayo chekumaodzanyemba. Iyo ndeimwe yemakotoni anonyanya kushandiswa nekuti icho chikamu cheboka rakasarudzwa rinodaidzwa rakawedzera rakareba fiber cottons.

Gossipium herbaceum

Imwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzinopa tambo dzinoshingirira mudzimba dzayo uye dzakatangira munzvimbo dzinopisa dze Africa, kunyange iri zvakare inoshandiswa muSpain nePortugal yese, uko kwave kuve rudzi rwunokura zvakasikwa.

Gossypium hirsutum

Rudzi urwu Iyo zvakare inowanikwa kuCentral America nharaunda uye yave chiratidzo chekutengeserana kwekotoni kondinendi ino, kuve inozivikanwa kwazvo nekuve iyo inonyanya kurimwa mhando muUnited States. Mhando iyi inomiririra huwandu hwakazara hwekugadzirwa kwedonje pasi rose.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti yedonje dzinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzese dzinopisa uye dzinonyorova dzepasi. Idzi dzinowanzo chengeterwa mumasango asingawanikwe pakakwirira, sezvo vasingapikise anopfuura mazana matatu emamita pamusoro pegungwa uye vanogona kusvika padyo kusvika pamamita makumi matatu mudanho ravo revakuru.

Pasina mubvunzo kubviswa kwedonje kubva mumiti iyi ndiko kushandiswa kukuru kwemiti iyi, kunyange hazvo ichizivikanwa kuti huni dzayo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune hunhu hwadzo, kugadzira rafts nemidziyo yemumvura.