Imwe yedzinowanzoitika zvisikwa zviripo muIberian Peninsula ndiyo kwesha. Kana vanhu vakanzwa kukwesha, vanofunga nezvegwenzi rimwe chete kana shrub. Nekudaro, kana tichitaura nezvegwenzi tiri kunongedzera kurukova rwuzere rwune huswa hunodzorwa nemakwenzi nemiti yerudzi urwu. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemakwenzi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye kurerukirwa kwenzvimbo yega yega. Imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwayo uye inogona kuve yakasikwa kana kukanganiswa nezviito zvevanhu.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza nezvese hunhu, mhando uye kukosha kwekukwesha.
Mhando huru
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwecosystem uye hunhu hune imwe neimwe, pachave nemhando dzakasiyana dzekutsvaira. Mamiriro ekunze ndeimwe yemasiyano ayo akawanda mamiriro ezvinhu kuumbwa kwerudzi rumwe kana rumwe rwezvinomera. Kukwesha kunogona kuoneka zvakasikwa kana semhedzisiro yekuita kwevanhu. Kana mwana wevanhu achinja nzvimbo kana akadyara mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa izvo zvinoumba gwenzi rinogona kupararira. Nenzira imwecheteyo, gadziriro yezvakatipoteredza mune imwe nzvimbo inogona kuona mamiriro echinguvana ayo anokonzeresa mhedzisiro mukuvapo kwechikwesha. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuona moto uye wokonzeresa danho rezvinomera kuti ridzikire mugwenzi.
Ivo vanonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuve nemazhinji emakwenzi nemakwenzi. Tinogona zvakare kuwana mhando dzakasiyana dzehuswa pamwe nehuswa hunomera uye mageophytes. Iyo mhando yenzvimbo dzepasi pano dzinosanganisira munda kana nzvimbo yepanyama nerudzi urwu rwehuswa hukuru. Kune zvirimwa zvinopedza nguva yazvo isinganetsi muchimiro che rhizome, tuber, girobhu rinogona kuwanikwawo kakawanda muchikwesha.
Makwenzi anozivikanwa nekuve neanofungidzirwa chimiro chemuti asi ari madiki muhukuru. Iwo haatombodarika masere masere pakureba uye pazviitiko zvakawanda iwo ari madiki kwazvo. Kuvapo kwemakwenzi kunogona kutoonekwa munharaunda dzedhorobha uye mumapaki uye tinogona kucherechedza saizi yavo. Iyo nzvimbo inopihwa nehuswa ndeyeye chivharo chemuti pasi pevhu. Iyo nharaunda inogona kuoneka kubva pasi sezvo pasina mhando yehuswa hwakareba zvakakwana kufukidza iyo nzvimbo mukati. Zvinomera inogona kuve yakawandisa kana kushomeka zvichienderana nerudzi rwemakwenzi aripo. Kazhinji makwenzi ese akaderera pakureba uye anogona kutemwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda pane imwe.
Apa ndipo patinopinda mumhando yekukwesha. Nzira iyo yavanogovaniswa nayo zvakare mamiriro ekuumbwa kweiyo ecosystem. Naizvozvo, pane mhando dzakasiyana dzemakwenzi zvinoenderana nehunhu hukuru hunowanikwa mune izvi zvisikwa.
Mhando dzekukwesha
Tichaongorora kuti ndedzipi mhando huru dzekutsvaira nehunhu hwavo hwakanyatsosiyaniswa.
Xerophilous kukwesha
Sezvinoratidzwa neshoko, irwo rudzi rwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo dzakaoma pamusoro pevamwe. Iwo makwenzi ayo Ivo vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawoma nemvura yakaderera uye kudziya kwakanyanya nguva dzose mukati megore. Kana isu tichitaura kune iyi mhando yekukorobha isu tiri kupfavisa iyo vhezheni yemasango nekuti ivo vanowanzo kuve neanotonhorera husiku uye anopisa mazuva. Kusavapo kwemvura inonaya kunogona kugara kwemwedzi yakati wandei kana makore. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nenzvimbo inowanikwa zvakanyanya.
Iwo akakurisa shrub eaya ecosystems vane kugona kuchinjika kune kusanaya kwemvura. Neichi chikonzero, zvakajairika kuwana zvinomera zvine minzwa secacti uye zvakaderera-zvinokwira makwenzi. Tinogona kuona echinyakare ecosystems ane semi-renje meadows mune idiki kana isina huswa inowanikwa. Xerophilous shrub munzvimbo dzakaoma uye semi-yakaoma munzvimbo dzese dzepasi dzinoenderera kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakaita seAndes muSouth America, mapoinzi mazhinji mudunhu reMediterranean nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakatenderedza gwenga reSahara.
Kukwesha kweMediterranean
Mhando iyi yekukwesha inozivikanwa zvakare nezita rekuti shrub, heaths kana chaparral. Aya ecosystems anowanikwa mumatunhu ane Mediterranean mamiriro kana akafanana. Ivo vanopararira munzvimbo dzakaita seCalifornia, Chile kana Australia, pakati pevamwe. Izvo zvinomera pano zvakagadziridzwawo kuti zvimirire mwaka unopisa usinganayi mvura zvishoma. Zvirimwa zvako zvinokwanisa kuchengetedza mvura uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana. Mimwe shrub yakadzika pakukwirira uye yakatetepa yakatenderedza nzvimbo.
Pano iwe unogona kuwana zvimwe zvinonhuhwirira zvirimwa senge mutsvairo, thyme kana chamomil.
Paramo
Páramos makomo makomo anomera panzvimbo dzakakwirira. Mumatunhu anotonhora America, Africa neNew Guinea vanhu vanonyanya kupararira. Vanokura pamusoro pesango remontane uye vanosvika kunzvimbo dzinogara chando chisingaperi. Aya mamori anogona kuwanikwa mu kukwirira kusvika pamamita 5000 pamusoro pegungwa. Inonyanya kukosha ndeyeAndes.
Kusiyana nemakwenzi atakamboongorora, anozivikanwa nekuve nzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakawanda. Mune mazhinji egore ivo vanochengetedza yakakwira mwando yehunyoro uye zvakanyanya vane inotonhora mamiriro ekunze. Mhando dzakadai seasteraceae, orchids uye huswa zvinogona kuwanikwa.
Tsvina fauna
Sezvinotarisirwa pane zvakare mhuka inosanganisirwa neaya ecosystem. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemakwenzi dzinopawo dzakasiyana mhando dzemhuka. Tichaongorora mhuka dzemakwenzi nenzira yakapfupiswa:
- Fauna yemamori: Iwo macosystems ane hukuru hwakasiyana hwemhuka umo matinogona kuwana mhuka hombe uye dzimwe dzediki diki. Pakati peshiri, hummingbird, dhadha nekondomu zvinomira. Pakati pezvipfuwo, bere rinomira, iyo puma nhasi nondo.
- Xerophilous scrub fauna: pano pane zvakare huwandu hukuru hwemhuka dzakadai semhuka dzinokambaira. Tinogona kuwana nyoka, iguana, zvinyavada, madzvinyu nenyuchi. Kana dziri shiri, tinowana mugwagwa unofamba munzira, mugwenga huni uye zvimwe zvipuka zvakadai semabhata nemakonzo ekangaroo.
- Mediterranean kukwesha mhuka: pakupedzisira, tinowana mhuka yakanyanya nemhuka dzakadai semakava, mbudzi dzemumakomo, tsuro nemhembwe. Shiri dzinodya nyama dzakadai segondo reumambo reIberia dzinowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo idzi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kukwesha uye nehunhu hwayo.