Mumakore achangopfuura, miti yemuarumondi yave inzvimbo yevanoisa mari itsva, vachipihwa mhando nyowani, dzine pundutso, kuomarara kwayo uye hurongwa hutsva hwekudyara. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, mhando dzakadai se Guara muarumondi muti vanoramba vari vatungamiri munzvimbo yakarimwa, uye vanopa goho rakakwirira kwazvo rezviyo, kuoma uye kukurumidza kupinda mukugadzirwa. Muti womuarumondi wemhando yeGuara, wakagadzirwa mumakore apfuura uye mamwe achiri kufanotaurwa, une hunhu hwakanaka uye uri kurima mbesa dzinopa pundutso munyika dzakawanda dzakadai seUnited States (mambo wemuarumondi) neSpain. , uko pamusoro pechirimwa ichi chiri kuwedzera.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve guara almond muti, maitiro ayo uye kurima.
Mhando huru
Nhoroondo yemuti wemuarumondi weGuara inodzokera shure kumakore akanaka umo uku kwakasiyana-siyana kwokurima kwakawanikwa. CITA muAragón ndiye akagadzira mhando mu1983 uye Parizvino ndiyo imwe yemhando dzakasimwa uye dzinobereka.
Guara almond kubva kuAsia yakapararira muSpain yose mumakore ekuma80 nema90 uye ndeimwe yemiti inorimwa zvakanyanya mudunhu iri nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kusanaya kwemvura uye kugadzirwa kwayo kwakawanda. Kumisikidzwa kwayo muSpain kwakabudirira nekuti ifekitari isingade kutarisirwa zvakanyanya uye inongogadzira zvinodiwa. Iyo almond yeGuara ine kutapira kunofadza kunoikodzera sechiratidzo chekudya uye keke muSpain nedzimwe nyika.
Murudzi urwu, zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinotsvakwa:
- Kupokana nekunetseka kwemvura uye kugadzirisa kwakanaka kwekusanaya kwemvura
- Kubudirira kwepamusoro, goho reslug uye nekukurumidza kutanga-up
Muchokwadi, pfungwa yekutanga inoreva kuti inopfuura 1% yenzvimbo inonaya mvura muSpain parizvino inogarwa neiri guara almond tree. Munzvimbo dzisina mvura, kubereka kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya kana kuchienzaniswa nenzvimbo ine mvura, asi nzvimbo zhinji dzeSpain hadzina mvura kana midziyo yekudiridza, asi nekuda kwechirimwa ichi vanogona kurimwa.
Zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri zve guara almond tree
Kubatsira:
- Zvakasiyana-siyana inoshingirira pakusanaya kwemvura uye inokodzera kurima nemvura inonaya.
- Inbred mhuka dzisingadi mapollinator
- Muchero wemhando yepamusoro kwazvo, goho uye giravhiti chaiyo.
- Kurumidza kutanga kwekugadzira mumakore ekutanga
- Homogenization yekugadzira panguva yezviitiko zvese.
Kukanganisa:
- Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobata zvakanyanya uye dzinoomesa kuchekerera
- Sensitive kune ocher stain
- Monilia susceptibility
Kubudirira kwemuti wemuarumondi we guara
Kukura kwemaruva kunotarirwa nenzvimbo uye nechando chakaunganidzwa. Guara miti yemaamondi inowanzotumbuka kubva mukupera kwaFebruary kusvika pakati paKurume. mazuva aya vanoonekwa vanonoka mune zvekurima.
Kukohwewa kwemaarumondi kunoitika mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu uye kutanga kwaGunyana, zvichienderana nekudziya uye kupisa kwegoho rezhizha. Kana tikaenzanisa mhando huru dzemiti yemuarumondi yanonoka kutumbuka, tinoona kuti Guara ndeimwe yemhando dzine chikamu chepamusoro (%) chegoho/goho remukoko.
Pasinei nemhando itsva dzinovimbisa, Guara inoramba ichitungamira, neavhareji goho riri pakati pe35% ne40%. Kune rumwe rutivi, maererano nehuwandu hwehuremu hwe nugget, iri pakati pepakiti, nevhareji ye 1,3 g, asi hutano hwakanaka kwazvo.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, mhando itsva dzakatariswa mukuderedza goho remhodzi mbiri, apa muti wemuarumondi weGuara uri iwo mhando ine goho repamusoro. Kubudirira ibasa reparameter ine simba guru pane chero chirimwa, kureva kuwana mvura. Panyaya yemuti wemuarumondi kubva kuGuara, mvura shoma ye3.000-3.500 m3/ha yemvura inogona kuburitsa avhareji yematani maviri enzungu.
Chirimwa ichi chinonzwa nekuwanikwa kwemvura uye goho racho rinowedzera zvakanyanya kana richiwanikwa. Muchokwadi, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeCastilla-La Mancha kuwanikwa kwayo kunodarika 8.000 m3/ha, ine zvibereko zvisati zvamboitika. Ukuwo, avhareji yegoho remiti yemaamondi ye guara i1500 kg kana pasi. nekuda kwekusakwana kwemvura ine isingasviki 2000 m3/ha. Ramba uchifunga kuti inguva yakanonoka maruva, saka inowanzodyarwa munzvimbo dzemukati dzinokurumidza kunonoka chando, sezvo ruva iri chikamu chinonyatsonzwa kuchinja kwekushisa uye kutonhora.
Tsika
Muti wemuarumondi weGuara Haina kumira mushe nekuva nefodhi yekudyara kana mamiriro ekurima akasiyana nemamwe marudzi. Muminda yakadiridzwa, dhayamita yematavi ayo inogona kunge yakakura uye inofanirwa kuverengerwa, kunyanya kana paine tsika yekuvhura matavi zvine hukasha pane dzimwe sarudzo.
Mhando dzakasimba kwazvo dzine mafuremu ekudyara e7×6 (238 miti/ha) kana 7×7 (204 miti/ha). Zvisinei, tinoisa mhando dzeGuara (pamwe chete neTarraco, Marinada kana Lauranne) ine furemu diki yekudyara ine nzvimbo ye6×6 (277 miti/ha) kana 6×5 (333 miti/ha).
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru emuarumondi we guara nderekuti muti une matavi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyanzvi dzechokwadi dzekuchekerera dzinodiwa kuti vawane goho rakanaka. Nechikonzero ichi, kudzidzisa kuchekerera mu guara kwakakosha uye kwakakosha kubva pamatanho ekutanga ekukura.
Imwe yezvinonyanya kukosha pakuchekerera ndeyekuchengeta mabuds ari mukati, saka maitiro ndiwo hupamhi hwematavi, kunyangwe ichizokanganisa chimiro chemurimi. Nenzira iyi, kana matavi azara nemichero. mikana yekutsemuka kana kutsemuka yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Nekudzidzisa kuchekerera, kureba kwematavi aya kunogonawo kudzorwa mukati memakore matatu ekutanga ekukura, sezvo guara miti yemuarumondi inowanzorebesa matavi aya zvakanyanya. Kuburikidza nekuchekerera tinoderedza huwandu hwayo uye kudzora kugadzirwa muchikamu chezasi chemuti.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve guara almond tree uye maitiro ayo.