Nhasi tichataura nezveimwe yenzungu dzinonyanya kudyiwa pasi rese. Zviri nezvembeu yezuva. Sunduru chirimwa kubva kuAmerica uye chakawanikwa kwakatenderedza 1000 BC.VaSpanish vakaunza sunflower kuEurope pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Icho chirimwa chinozivikanwa uye chinotengeswa pasirese, nekuti mbeu yezuva yezuva ine zvivakwa zvinobatsira.
Mune ino positi iwe unozogona kuziva zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve kurimwa kwezuva (sunflower), hunhu hwepombi uye hunhu hwavo hukuru.
Unhu hweSunflower
Kuti tizive hunhu hwembeu yezuva yezuva, isu tinofanirwa kutanga taziva chirimwa chinochigadzira. Sunflower chirimwa chegore negore chine kukwirira kazhinji inosvika pamamita matatu. Dzinde rakatwasuka uye rakatenderera pakuumbwa. Mashizha akareba uye velvety ye anenge 50 cm kureba uye 30 upamhi. Ivo vane mukurumbira kwazvo nekugona "kutevera" zuva. Ruvara rwayo rwegoridhe yero rakafanana neya daisy, asi hombe.
Pakati pemwedzi yezhizha vanovhura uye vatevedze kutarisisa kwezuva. Mukati meruva unogona kuona maruva madiki achiumba diski. Ndiaya maruva madiki anozobereka muchero unodyiwa unozivikanwa sembeu yezuva. Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemuti wega wega, ivo vanogona kuwana rumwe ruvara kana rumwe.
Kukura sei
Kuti ukure sunflowers iwe unoda nzvimbo yakakura chaizvo, nekuti chirimwa chinosvika pakukwirira kwakawanda. Inogona kudyarwa zvese mumichero nemuminda. Kunze kwekutora mbeu yezuva semichero, Iyo inoshandiswawo kushongedza nekuda kwerudzi rwayo rukuru. Kana iwe uine gadheni diki pamba, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza iwo madiki madiki kuti uwane kukura kune hutano.
Mbeu yezuva yezuva inofanirwa kudyarwa mumwedzi yechirimo. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunobatsira mukusimudzira kwaro kuri nani. Ichi chirimwa hachimiriri kutonhora kana mazuva ane makore zvakanaka. Seizvo zita ravo rinoratidzira, dzinoda maawa mazhinji ezuva. Kudyara kunogona kuitwa muhari hombe kana yakananga muvhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kusanganisa substrate ne vermiculite kusimudzira drainage uye chikafu chekuchengetedza kugona.
Kana tangodzvara mbeu, zvinodikanwa kudiridza zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza ivhu rakanyorova kuitira kuti imere zvakanaka Kana ikadyarwa muhari, kunwisa kunofanira kutariswa zvakanyanya. Kazhinji dzinomera mumavhiki matatu.
Nzvimbo uye chimiro chekurima
Kuti usarudze nzvimbo yauri kudyara sunflower, unofanirwa kutarisa vane maawa matanhatu chete ezuva rakananga kusvika pari zvino. Uye zvakare, kana iwe uchizodyara wakananga muvhu, zvirinani kusiya kusiyanisa pakati pemiti uye chirimwa chemasentimita makumi maviri. Izvi zvinozovabatsira zvirinani kugovana zvinovaka muviri munzvimbo iri kukura nemvura.
Maringazuva anodyarwa mumitsara 70 cm kureba. Kana zvasvika pakuvaisa fetereza, chirimwa chinotenda kwazvo kune avo vakapfuma mu nitrogen. Kana vasvika pakukura vakananga kumabvazuva, kuti vakwanise kuunganidza zuva rakawanda sezvinobvira mukati mezuva rose.
Iyo yezuva izere yakakwana kuminda yemadhorobha, nekuti vana vanogona kutora chikamu mukuvachengeta. Kazhinji, iwo anokwezva uye zvirinyore kutarisirwa zvirimwa uye vana vanoda michero yavo.
Mbeu dzeSunflower zvivakwa
Mbeu dzeSunflower chikafu chakanaka chine zvakawanda zvakanakira hutano. Pakati pezvivakwa zvaro tinowana:
- Ane a yakakwira muvhitamini E. 76% yehuwandu hwezuva nezuva hwevhitamini iyi hunogona kuvharwa nembeu yezuva. Zvakare, iyo yakanaka antioxidant yehutano hwemaziso. Ndicho chibereko chakaomeswa chine huwandu hwepamusoro hwevhitamini iyi.
- Inoshanda kurwa kushushikana uye kushushikana, sezvo vaine thianine uye cysteine. Izvo zvinokurudzirwawo kune varwere vane parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, dementias uye Alzheimer's.
- Kunoderedza njodzi yekenza.
- mariri yakakwira zvemavhitamini eboka B, izvi zvinowanikwa mumapombi eAmerica muhuwandu hwakawanda. Ivo anoshandiswa seanomutsidzira uye anopokana kukwegura yakaoma.
Madenda nezvirwere
Kungangoita zvirimwa zvese, sunflower inogona zvakare kukanganiswa netupukanana nezvirwere. Kuronga kwakanaka kwakakosha kudzivirira idzi mhando dzemamiriro uye kuwana kugadzirwa kwakanaka. Mbeu yezuva yezuva inoshandisa zvakawanda uye inofanira kuchengetedzwa kuti iwane mabhenefiti ese.
Kunyangwe iyo isingaratidze zvakakomba hutano hwepanyama, pane njodzi dzehutachiona dzinogona kuparadza zvirimwa uye kurasikirwa nazvo. Zvimwe zvipembenene zviri pasi zvinowanzo kukonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya mumiti iyi. Idzi ndidzo chena uye grey wireworms.
Dzinokanganisirwawo nemamwe maruva emabhururufuru, zvipembenene zvinoyamwa kana whitefly inozivikanwa. Tupuka utwu tupukanana twunoonekwa tega, asi kana zvikasadzorwa nemazvo, zvinokanganisa zvirimwa zvakawanda.
Kurapa sunflower kwakakosha sanisa nzvimbo yese yakanganiswa kwete chete chirimwa. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuti zvisakanganisa mbeu kana zvimwe zvirimwa.
Pakati pezvirwere zvakakosha zvatinogona kuwana muzuva rezuva isu tine:
- Wet kuora. Iyo inozivikanwa nekuti inoonekwa munzvimbo dzehunyoro uye tembiricha inodziya. Dzinokanganisa hunde uye dzinoparadza midziyo inotakura husavi. Kana mutserendende ukatadza kuzvidyisa wega, unofa.
- Verticillosis. Icho chirwere chinobata kubva pasi pehunde. Inokonzera necrosis mumadzinde nemashizha. Mbeu dzeSonflower hadzizokodzere kudyiwa.
- Dzinde gango. Inoita seino kuburitsa mhodzi. Mavara akaumbwa-V anogona kuonekwa pamashizha. Iyo inogadzirwa neyakawandisa fetiraiza kunze kwemwaka wekudyara.
- Sunflower chakuvhe. Chirwere ichi chinokonzeresa kudzikira muzvirimwa. Ruvara rwayo rwunokanganiswa uye kukura kwaro kunononoka kupfuura zvakajairwa. Sezvo kukura kwehunhu kunofambira mberi, mhodzi dzinokura nekuumba zvivakwa zvemakotoni.
Mbeu dzeSunflower chigadzirwa chinotengeswa pasirese. Nekudaro, ine matambudziko senge aya kumashure kwayo.