Madomasi muriwo unokosheswa pasi rose zvekuti nhasi kune zviuru zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemavara, maumbirwo nehukuru. Kune mhando dzematomatisi anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze emakona ese eSpain. Mukuwedzera, kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvose zvinonaka uye zvinodiwa. Iko kuunganidzwa kwechokwadi nekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwehunhu hwakasiyana: madomasi emasaladhi, madomasi ekuputira, akakosha madomasi ekuchengetedza, akakangwa madomasi, madomasi egazpacho, nezvimwe. Imwe yemhando dzinoshamisa ndeye moorish tomato.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze nezve maitiro uye kurima kweMoorish tomato.
moorish tomato
Madomasi echiMoorish chishamiso chaicho. Inorimwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeSpain, kunyange zvakadaro Madomasi anobva kuAranjuez neLas Pedroñeras anonyanya kuzivikanwa. Isu tinowanawo limestone mole madomasi, anowanikwa muHuete. Imhando inotapira ine huwandu hwakafanira hweasidhi uye nyama ine muto. Ganda rayo rakatetepa uye rakasimba, uye kune mhodzi shoma. Iine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye kunhuhwirira kwakasimba.
Hernán Cortés akauya nemadomasi kubva kuAmerica mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Madomasi akatora anenge mazana maviri emakore kuti apinde mumapatries ekuEurope ndokupararira sechirimwa. Kubva pakasvika madomasi kuSpain, varimi veko vakasarudza miti yakanaka vanogadzirisa kumamiriro emunharaunda evhu, mvura uye tembiricha. Wana kunaka kwakanakisa nenzira iyi.
Kurimwa kwemadomasi echiMoorish
Temperatura
MaMoorish tomato chirimwa chirimwa chinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana siyana. Kunze kwemamiriro ekunze ane chando, kune madomasi anonzwa. Kutaura zvazviri, zvichienderana nekukura kwezvinomera zvematomatisi, zvinoda nguva isina chando yemazuva 110 pasina kutambura kurasikirwa kwegoho.
Mukurimwa kwemadomasi, tembiricha yakakwana inoratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera:
- Husiku tembiricha: 15-18ºC
- Masikati 24-25ºC
- Yakanakira tembiricha yemaruva: 21 ºC
- Yakanakira tembiricha yekukura kwezvinomera: 22-23 ºC
- Kumira kwekukura kwezvinomera: 12 ºC
- Tembiricha iri pasi pe7ºC haibatsiri.
Sezvauri kuona, inoda kukura mutembiricha yepamusoro, ine optimum iri pamusoro pe20ºC. Kana iwe ukabvunza tafura yeFAO pamusoro pekupisa kusina kunaka uye chando, uchaona kuti tomato ndeimwe yemiriwo inonyanya kukanganiswa nechando (somuenzaniso, mhiripiri, mbatatisi, lettuce, nezvimwewo). Kutonhora kwayo kunosvika -0,5 ºC.
mwando uye ivhu
Nezve humidity yekudyara madomasi, zvirimwa zvemadomasi inoda hunyoro hwepakati, kwete kupfuura 70%. Kana tikadarika izvi zvakakosha, kukura kwefungi kunofarirwa.
Madomasi echiMoorish haanyanyi kunetsa pavhu. Inofarira ivhu rakadzika, rakadhindwa zvakanaka. Midzi haina kudzika uye kuchinjika kune ivhu rakashata kuri nani. Isu tinonamatira kune maitiro emvura, nokuti kudiridza zvakanyanya, ivhu harigoni kutora mvura nokukurumidza zvakakwana, rinogona kukonzera kudonha kwemvura, kuora kwemidzi, izvo zvinotungamirira mukukura kwezvirwere.
Iyo yakanaka pH yekurima matomatisi iri padyo nekwakarerekera (7), iyo inofanirwa kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa kana iri ivhu reasidhi kana alkaline. Kugadziriswa uku kunofanirwa kuitwa panguva imwe chete sekugadzirira ivhu, kwete nekudyara zvirimwa zvemadomasi muvhu. Nezve zviri mukati me organic matter, iyo shoma muzana yehuwandu hwevhu inosvika 1,5-2%. Kana mazinga ari pasi, funga kuwedzera organic matter kana compost.
Pamberi pekurima kudyara maMoorish tomato
Rimwe basa rakadzama rinoda kuitwa uye munyoreri wekumashure watakambotaura anoda kuiswa ipapo. hazvikurudzirwe Nitrogen sefotereza yekutanga pakudyara madomasi. Inokurudzirwa chete kana ivhu rakashata zvakanyanya kana kuti nitrogen yemukati yakadzikira. Ammonium sulfate mazinga e300-400 kg/ha anokurudzirwa kugadzirisa kusakwana uku.
Zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa phosphorus muvhu, sezvo inobatsira zvikuru mukukura kwemadomasi uye maruva. Muenzaniso unogona kuva kuwedzera kwe superphosphate sefetireza yepasi. Kuti muchero ukure zvakanaka, unoda fetereza ine potassium. Kukosha kwepakati pe5-10% (cation exchange capacity) muvhu inokurudzirwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera 400-500 kg / ha ye potassium sulfate.
Kudyara nekudiridza
Chimiro chekudyara kana uchidyara muvhu re deterministic chinoshanduka, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yauinayo. Kana uine kana uchida kushandisa nzvimbo shoma, inogona kuva 0,3 m pakati pemiti uye 0,5 m pakati pemitsara, kana 0,5 m pakati pemiti uye 0,7 m pakati pemitsara.
Idzi hari dzinogona kuderedzwa, iyo yakapfava ivhu iri nani, nehunhu. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukaisa mubhedha wakadzika mubindu rako rekudyara, nzvimbo yekudyara ichaderedzwa.
Midzi yemadomasi eMoor haidi kuchera kana kutsvaga zvinovaka muviri, sezvo inogara iine zvakakwana paruoko. Saka hapana makwikwi pakati pezvirimwa (kana kana paine makwikwi, pane kukwikwidza kushoma). Nekuda kweizvozvo, chimiro chekudyara chakawedzera zvakanyanya. Tichifunga nezvekushisa kwakanyanya kwezhizha, zvirimwa zvemadomasi zvinoda hunyoro hunogara huripo. Usarega pasi pakaoma. Kunyangwe bindu rimwe nerimwe inyika, kunyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro uye mamiriro ekunze.
Kugadziriswa, zvipembenene nezvirwere
Hongu, kunyangwe iwe uchingofunga nezvekuchekerera miti nemakwenzi chete, unogonawo kuchekerera uswa kuti uwedzere goho uye kuenzanisa kukura. Kuchekerera mukurima kweMoorish tomate kunogadzira kuchekerera, ndiko kuti, kubviswa kwematanho ekupedzisira akareba, anorwara, akwegura, nezvimwe.
Tine tupukanana uye zvirwere zvinowanzoitika mumwaka unorima chirimwa chematomatisi, uye cheSolanaceae.
Pakati pezvipembenene:
- Tsvuku tsvuku (Tetranychus spp..)
- Heliothis (Helicoverpa armigera)
- White fly (bemisia tabaci)
- Vacheri (Liriomyza spp.)
- tomato moth (Mhedziso tuta)
- Nzendo (Frankliniella occidentalis)
Uye pakati pezvirwere:
- Chakuvhe (Phytophthora infestans)
- Oidium (tauric leveillula)
- Grey kuora (Botrytis cinerea)
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveMoorish tomato uye kurimwa kwayo.