Izita raro rebhotani ndi Sambucus nigra L, yemhuri yeCaprifoliaceae, inosanganisira makwenzi, miti kana liana.
Mukoma inozivikanwa zvakare nemamwe mazita anozivikanwa sa sabuco, sabugo, sayugo, linsusa, canillero uye cañilero. Tinogona kutaura kuti uyu muti wakazvarwa kuEurope uye kuti wakaunzwa neSpanish uyo akauunza kuAmerica muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX
Elderberry Hunhu
El Mukoma Iine subspecies mbiri, iyo Sambucus peruviana uye iyo Sambucus mexicana. Zita "Sambucus" rinobva muchiGiriki Sambuca, iro Chakanga chiri chiridzwa chemimhanzi chaishandiswa nevaRoma uye yakavakwa nehuni dzemuti uyu, kana ichikodzera kuve iyo "nigra", zvinoreva iro dema dema remichero yakaibva.
Icho chirimwa chinokwana 6 kusvika 10 m kukwirira, mashizha awo akatarisana, mapini, anoshanduka-shanduka uye anoyera kubva pamasendimita makumi maviri kusvika pamakumi matatu pakureba uye uine mupendero wenguva dzose. Hunde yayo irikurereka, gobvu nemakwati makobvu nematavi makobvu uye bark rekunze rakatsemuka uye dota dota riri muvara.
Maruva anonhuwirira uye akabatanidzwa mumasumbu ekupedzisira e15 anonzi corymbs; ruva rega rega, hermaphrodite, rine mashanu akaita nyeredzi.
Michero yacho ine nyama, maglobose mabriji, anoyera anenge 9 cm muhupamhi, zvine muto uye zvinodyiwa. Kubva pamuchero wayo chitsvuku kusvika kuutema tint inowanikwa kana yaibva uye, nekusiyana, kana isina kukura, iyo tint yebhuruu, lilac kana violet, ine mbeu 3 kusvika ku5 imwe neimwe.
Izvo zvikamu zvine basa rekurapa uye rekudya maruva nemichero yakaibva. Kuchenjerera kunofanirwa kuitwa pamwe Elderberry nekuti bark rayo, mashizha, mhodzi uye michero isina kukura inogona kuva ine chepfu.
Kurima nekukohwa kwe Elderberry
Elderberry inokodzera chaizvo mukati nzvimbo dzine hunyoro dzesango uye inopesana nechando chakasimba.
Inogona kuparadzirwa nembeu uye nekudyara kwekudyara, inoratidza hermaphroditism yebonde, saka kazhinji inoburitsa propagules mumidzi yepamusoro nekuwanda kwayo. Nzira yakajairika yekubereka ndeyekudyara kwemavara.
Chitubu ndiyo mwaka wakanakisa wekutora maruvaMaitiro avo ekuomesa ari mumumvuri uye anofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma uye ine rima, parutivi, michero inofanirwa kuunganidzwa kana yakasviba yakarembera kubva pamatavi, iri pakupera kwezhizha kana kutanga kwematsutso.
Munursery kudiridza kwakawanda kunofanirwa kuiswa uye nekuchengetedza iyo substrate yakanyorova, asi ichidzivirira zvakawandisa. Kudyara kunogona kuitwa zvakananga mumunda kana nekudyara mbesa kubva kunreshi. Gomba rinoitwa muvhu zvinoenderana nesaizi yesaga raishandiswa munochengeterwa vana.
Kuumbwa, mashandisiro uye zvivakwa
Mukoma Iyo inokurudzirwa kushongedza, chikafu, zvehunyanzvi uye zvemishonga zvinangwa munzvimbo dzinodziya uye dzinotonhora.
Michero yakaibva kana michero inoumbwa neye organic pigments, anthocyanins, fiber, phosphorus, glucose, fructose, uye potasium. Imwe neimwe 50 g yemichero mitsva inopa pakati pe9-13 mg yevhitamini C uye 32.5 mg yeVitamin B. Iine magnesium, zinc, iron uye calcium.
Idzo michero yemusango inodyiwa, zvese ganda uye pulp zvinogona kudyiwa. Jamu inogadzirwa nemichero uye anoshandiswawo pakushandisa mishonga muzvirimwa, mishonga yekugeza uye mishonga yekuchenesa, kudzikisa cholesterol uye nekuvandudza kuona, inewo anobatsira ekurwisa-kuzvimba zvinhu zveeuralgia, kutemwa nemusoro, kurwadziwa mudumbu uye sciatica.
Inokurudzirwa bika ma berries kunyangwe zvishoma, kunatsiridza kunaka kwayo uye kugadzirisa kugaya.
Iyo sirasi inogona kugadzirirwa seinotevera:
Muto wechibereko chakaibva unosvinwa kana kusvinwa mbeu dzakamanikidzwa, chenjera nembeu sezvo dziine chepfu, wozosiya bika kwemaminitsi gumi, painotonhora inorongedzwa uye inochengetwa mufiriji. Tora zvipunu zviviri kusvika zvitatu pazuva.
Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa paUniversity yeGraz muAustria, yakawana kuti kuburitsa bheri, inoderedza kusvibiswa kwepasi-density lipoproteins yecholesterol inobatanidzwa muatherogenesis, iyo inobatsira kurwisa chirwere chemwoyo.
Kune rimwe divi, michero yakasvibirira ine chinhu chine chepfu chinonzi sambunigrina, ndosaka haifanirwe kudyiwa kusvika yaibva. Saizvozvowo, iyi nheyo ine chepfu inounzwa nemashizha, bark nembeu ye elderberry.
Mashizha haafanire kudyiwa sezvo aine chepfu uye zvine chekuita nemashandisirwo awo, zvakaonekwa kuti muzvirimwa dzinga mbeva, zvipfukuto uye zvipukaSaizvozvo, kutsva mushonga unoshanda.
Mukupinza inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinodzinga umhutu uye ichimwayiwa pazvirimwa inoshanda sekudzivirirwa kubva kune hove nemhashu.
Zvekudzivirira zvipembenene, gadziriro inogona kuitwa seinotevera:
Litre imwe yemvura uye 225 g yakabikwa. Yemashirobheri mashizha emaminetsi makumi maviri, simbisa uye rega itonhorere, wobva wawedzera a teaspoon mvura kana poda detergent uye pakupedzisira inoiswa muatomizer.
Maruva anodyiwa, anoshandiswa mune gastronomy kune flavour uye kugadzirira nenzira dzakasiyana mumiti yemakwenzi, jellies, jamu, ice cream, makuki kana musanganiswa nemamwe maruva. Waini yakawanikwa kare, uko macerated inoipa iyo kunhuwirira kunhuwirira uye yekare kuravira.
Maruva acho anoumbwa nemafuta akakosha, flavonoid, phenolic acids, tanins, vitamini C, uye mamineral. Ivo vane diaphoretic zvivakwa uye ivo vanoshanda pane bronchial epithelium, vachishandisa inogumbura mhedzisiro iyo inowedzera kugadzirwa kwebronchioalveolar secretions, ndosaka ichishandiswa zvinobudirira pakurapa iyo yakajairwa kutonhora uye anti-furu maitiro.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti elderberry flavonoids vane antioxidant, anti-kupisa uye immune maitiro, sezvo izvi zvichibatsira kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwema cytokines mumonocyte, nekudaro ichikurudzira immune system.
Maruva anogona kushandiswa kugadzirwa kwemafuta ekuchenesa uye bvisa makwapa paganda.
Maruva nemichero zvine antiseptic uye bactericidal zvivakwa, anoshandiswa pa pyorrhea, gingivitis uye pharyngitis, neiyo infusion iwe yaunogona kuita yekushambidza muromo uye gargles. Ivo vanoshanda kuuraya mishonga maronda kana kubvisa kupisa.
Maruva akajairwa kunzi galactogogue maitiro, ndiko kuti izvo inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemukaka nekuda kweproteiniti yayo, iyo inobatsira kune lactation.
Mukuru huni inoshingirira, inokosheswa kwazvo pakugadzira kabhineti uye kugadzira kwekurima. Nekuda kwekureruka kunobviswa piti kubva pamatavi, anoshandiswa kugadzira nyere, canutillos, mabhomba uye huni.
Chekupedzisira, izvo zvakasiyana siyana zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuona izvozvo el Mukoma yakagara ichishandiswa nekuda kwezvakawanda zvinangwa. Sezvinoonekwa, zvikamu zvese zvemuti zvine hunhu hune mukana mukuru wekushandisa nevanhu.