Nzira yekudyara mbatatisi dzehari

Mbatata (Mbatata) ndeyemhuri yeSolanaceae, iyo mhuri yebhotani yematomatisi uye aubergines, iyo machubhu ndiyo inonyanya kudyiwa uye panguva imwechete inodyarwa zvakanyanya munyika. Mbatata ndiro zita rebhotani rembatatisi yakajairika, chikafu chakakurumbira mukicheni, zvekuti zvinoita kuti ushamise nguva uye sei kudyara mbatatisi dzehari. Kurima mbatatisi hazvidi hazvo nzvimbo yakakura yakasvibira, sezvo vachigona kurimwa mumapoto uye kuva navo pamateru kana mhanza.

Iyi ndeimwe yemiriwo yakakurumbira munyika, kunyanya muEurope neNorth America. Zviri nyore kurima, zvinogona kukura muivhu rakasiyana-siyana, uye zvinoda mvura shoma.. Ichi chikafu chine phosphorus ne potassium uye chinogayiwa nyore. Vanogona kukura gore rose, chinhu chakakosha ndechekudzivirira kudziya kwakadzika: kutenderedza zero, zvirimwa zvinofa. Dzinodiridzwa nguva dzose usiku.

Zvishandiso zvekudyara mbatatisi dzehari

Mbatata chikafu chine hutano chinogona kurimwa gore rose pasi pemamiriro akakodzera. Kudyara mbatatisi mumidziyo kunoderedza zvose nzvimbo inodiwa uye njodzi yezvipembenene nezvirwere. Sezvo mbatatisi ichikura pasi pevhu uye ichida nzvimbo yakawanda, chinongodiwa ihari hombe, yakasimba.

Kana zvasvika pakudyara mbatatisi, unofanirwa kuziva kuti ndeupi wekudyara uye rinhi. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzembatatisi dzekusarudza kubva, asi anowanzopatsanurwa kuva mapoka mashanu maererano nemwaka wokukohwa: kutanga, kutsva, pakati pemwaka, mukuru uye kunonoka. Kuziva kuti mbatatisi dzako ndedzipi boka kunogona kukubatsira kusarudza nguva yekudzidyara nekukohwa.

• Iyo yekutanga inofanira kudyarwa kare munaFebruary uye kukohwa muna May.
• Mitsva inodyarwa muna March, vhiki shomanana pashure peiyo isati yatanga, uye inokohwewa muna June kana kuti July.
• Iwo epakati pemwaka anodyarwa muna Kubvumbi uye anokohwewa muna Nyamavhuvhu kana Gunyana.
• Mhando yekutanga inodyarwa pakati pechirimo, kutenderedza Chivabvu kana June, uye kukohwa mukudonha.
• Mhando dzakanonoka kudyarwa muna Chikunguru dzokohwewa muna Mbudzi kana Zvita.

Zvakakosha kusarudza hari huru. Chirimwa chembatatisi chinoda chigaba chinokwana marita gumi kuti chikure zvakanaka. Iyo hari yakakura, zviri nani kuti chirimwa chinokura. Iva nechokwadi chokuti hari ine makomba akawanda emvura. Mbatata inoora kana ikasara ichinyorova kwenguva yakareba, saka mvura inofanira kubuda pose painodiridzwa. Kana hari kana mudziyo waunosarudza usina maburi, pinza maburi maviri kana matatu pasi.

Zviri nyore zvakare kuti ivhu rakagadzirirwa kudyara. Machubhu ako achawana rubatsiro rwekudya rwakapfuma mune organic zvinhu kubva musanganiswa wezvikamu zvakaenzana zvevhu rehari uye manyowa. Zvitsama zvishoma zvecompost zvinogonawo kuwedzerwa. Mupfudze, hupfu hwemabhonzo, hupfu hwehove, kana algae mienzaniso yemafetiraiza.

Nzira yekudyara nyore mbatatisi

Ivhara pasi pehari ne shards (chunks of clay) kana matombo maduku. Zvinhu izvi zvinobatsira kubvisa mvura uye kuti isarambe iri muvhu kwenguva yakareba.. Zadza mudziyo ne 10-15 cm yevhu rakagadzirirwa, senge ndizvo. Dzvanya zvishoma nemaoko ako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti compact uye yakasimba zvakakwana kudzivirira mbatatisi kuti isanyura pavanenge vachiwedzera huremu.

Muhari, isa ma tubers. Mazhinji enhungirwa anofanirwa kutariswa kumusoro. Siya nzvimbo yakakwana pakati petuber yega yega uye dzivirira kuunganidza hari. Chigaba chine dhayamita makumi matatu masendimita chinofanirwa kukwana machubhu matatu chete semutemo wese. 10 kusvika 13 centimita yevhu inofanira kushandiswa kuvhara mbatatisi. Shandisa maoko ako kudzvanya pasi pa substrate zvakaoma zvakakwana, asi kwete zvakanyanya kuomarara, kuti usapwanye machubhu. Mvura zvishoma. Ivhu rinofanira kunge rakanyorova kusvika pakubata, asi kwete kunyorova.

Nzira yekuchengetedza mbatatisi dzehari

Iwe unofanirwa kusiya tubers munzvimbo inotonhorera uye ine rima. Iwadhiropu kana imba yekuchengetera mukamuri yepasi yakanaka. Zviise mubhokisi rezai kana chimwe chigaba kuti zvirambe zvakati twasu uye wodzoka zuva nezuva kuti uone kana ari kumera.

Pavanoita, unogona kuvadyara muhari ine substrate yebindu remudhorobha. Mbatatisi dzinofanira kumera kusvika 2,5 cm pakutanga. Zvakanaka, mudziyo unofanirwa kunge wakadzika 45-60 cm. Chengetedza mbatatisi nguva dzose mvura. Kazhinji unogona kunzwa mwando nekunyudza chigunwe chako mutsvina.

• Munguva yezhizha, mbatatisi yako ingada kudiridzwa kaviri pazuva, kunyanya kana uchigara munzvimbo inopisa, yakaoma.
• Munguva yekutonhora, mbesa zhinji dzembatatisi dzinongoda mvura inosvika masendimita mashanu kusvika manomwe pasvondo kuti ikure zvakanaka, asi kana munzvimbo yako paine mavhiki akareba pasina kunaya, inogona kudiridzwa nemaoko. Unogona kuisa chiyero chekunaya kwemvura pedyo nepoto kuti uone kana zvirimwa zvichigara zvichiwana mvura yakakwana.

Pakupedzisira, unofanira kuisa hari yacho munzvimbo inogamuchira zuva kana mumvuri usina kukwana. Mbatata inoda chiedza chezuvaAsi kana vakaratidzirwa kuchiedza chezuva kwenguva refu, vanotambura uye vangafa. Tarisa pH yevhu nemita kana imwe mhando yebvunzo. Iwe unofanirwa kuita izvi pakati pemwaka, kunyanya kana mashizha ari kushanduka yellow kana kupera simba. Izvi zvinomera zvinokura muvhu rine pH inosvika 6.0. Nokuti:

• Wedzera mamwe manyowa kana manyowa kana uchida kuderedza pH.
• Wedzera lime yekurima kana iwe uchida kusimudza pH.

Ngwarira zvipembenene. Zvizhinji zveizvi, semashizha emashizha, zvinogona kubviswa nemaoko. Kune vamwe, kunyanguvezvo, zvingava madikanwa kushandisa mushonga unouraya zvipembenene kudzivirira kupararira kana kuvauraya. Tarisa mbeu dzako kuti uone zviratidzo zvechirwere. Zvirwere zvakawanda, senge downy mildew, zvinotapukira, saka kana mbatatisi ichiratidza zviratidzo zvechirwere, unofanira kubva wadzibvisa kune dzimwe zvirimwa.