Kompositi kana mulch mhedzisiro yekuviriswa kwe aerobic yemusanganiswa wezvinhu zve organic pasi pemamiriro chaiwo ehunyoro, aeration, tembiricha uye chikafu. Kune vanhu vakawanda vanoda kudzidza kugadzira compost nekuchekerera tsvina kugadzira rudzi urwu rwefetireza zvakasununguka.
Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze maitiro ekugadzira compost nekuchekerera zvisaririra, ndezvipi zvinhu zvaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo uye kuti basa rayo nderei.
Nzira yekugadzira compost nekuchekerera tsvina
Haug anotsanangura tsananguro yakazara se "organic matter yakagadziriswa kuita humus-yakafanana chigadzirwa muvhu, isina hutachiona hwekunze uye mhodzi dzemasora, haikweve zvipembenene uye inogona kubatwa, yakachengetwa, yakatakurwa, yakasungirirwa uye inobatsira pakukura kwevhu nezvirimwa.
Nehunyanzvi uhu tinotora mukana wezvese organic tsvina kubva papurazi pacharo. Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo ndezvi:
- Kuenzanisa musanganiswa wezvinhu kuti uwane chiyero che carbon / nitrogen pakati pe 25-35 kusvika kukosha pakati pe15-10 inowanikwa pakupera kwekuita.
- Particle saizi yakakodzera kugadzira manyowa (2 kusvika 5 mm mudhayamita).
- Neutral pH yekutanga zvinhu, inogadziriswa kana zvichidikanwa.
- Huremu hwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa (shuga, protein, cellulose uye lignin) yakanaka.
- Oxygen inokosha pakukura kwe microbial (40-60% aeration).
- Humidity yakakosha pakufambira mberi kwehurongwa hwese (40-60%).
- Tembiricha ndiyo parameter inonyatso ratidza kukura kwemaitiro.. Iyo tembiricha yepamusoro haifanirwe kudarika 70 ºC (inokodzera pakati pe55-65 ºC). Pane tembiricha idzi, kurasikirwa kweiyo organic zvinhu kunodzivirirwa uye kuparadzwa kwepathogenic bacteria uye adventitious mbeu inovimbiswa.
- Ukuru hwakakodzera hwemurwi hurefu hwemamita imwe nehafu, trapezoidal muchikamu, imwe nehafu mamita yakafara pasi, uye hapana muganhu pakureba kwayo.
- Zvakakosha kunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze uko bhatiri rakaiswa kuti ridzivirire kubva kuzuva, mvura, mhepo uye kutonhora.
- Pakupera kwegadziriro, tinofanira kuwana chigadzirwa chakakura nekunhuhwirira kunofadza kunoyeuchidza pasi pesango, ruvara rwakasviba rwakafanana nehupenyu hwehupenyu uye kutonhora kwakagadzikana.
Kugadzirira kwemurwi we compost
Autumn nechando inguva dzegore umo mabasa anorema ekucheka anoitwa pamiti yemichero. Aya maitiro akakosha kwazvo kuchengetedza miti yedu nemakwenzi ane hutano uye achibereka, asi anoburitsa marara akawanda akadai semashizha nematavi anogona kutora huwandu hwakawanda uye dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kubata.
Kana kuchekerera kwapera, chirimwa chinosara chemuti chinogona kutarisirwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Imwe yenzira dzakajairika ndeye kutema nokuchengeta matanda makuru kuti ashandiswe sehuni pachoto nokugocha, uye kushandisa huni kutipisa muchando kana kuti kuronga zvokudya zvepanze muchirimo nechirimo. Izvo hazvikurudzirwe kuzviunganidzira, kana kubva kune aesthetic, zvakatipoteredza kana phytosanitary maonero.
Matanho ekudzidza kugadzira compost nekuchekerera masara
Pano tinokupa matanho makuru ekudzidza kugadzira compost ine pruning inosara:
1) Chinhu chekutanga kuita kuderedza saizi yematavi, kunyanya kutema huni. Kuburikidza nemaitiro aya, saizi yemarara inogona kuderedzwa uye kuparara kwayo kuita organic zvinhu zvinofarirwa, uye kana tikaita kuti zvive nyore kwavari, ma microbes (fungi uye mabhakitiriya) anotarisira kubatsira nebasa iri achashanda nekukurumidza kwavari. Uyewo, nekucheka huni kuita zvidimbu, kwete zvakanyanya kana zviduku, kuomeswa kwezvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa pasina kunyanya kuoma. Kuti tiite basa iri, tinokurudzira kushandisa shredder yebindu, sezvo kutema matavi ose nekasi kunogona kuva basa rakaoma zvikuru uye risina kukodzera.
2) Chechipiri, tinofanira kufunga nezvemhando yemarara iyo ari kuora, semarara akasvibira anochekwa muchirimo kana chirimo; dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro, dzinopa nitrogen yakawanda uye dzinoora zvakanyanya. Kunyange zvazvo chinyorwa ichi chine kabhoni yakawanda, chiyero che carbon / nitrogen chinowanzove chakaderera nokuti chinowanzove neine nitrogen yakawanda.
Zvakadaro, masara ebrown kana akaoma ehuni dzakaomeswa ane hunyoro hunowanzoita hunyoro hushoma, hushoma hwenitrogen uye huwandu hwekabhoni/nitrogen. Nei izvi zvichikosha? Nekuti kugadzira manyowa akanaka, yekutanga C/N reshiyo inofanirwa kunge iri 25%, sezvo utachiona huchishandisa zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu zvekabhoni pachikamu chenitrogen mukuora. Kana chikamu chacho chakakwirira kudarika 25%, basa rehupenyu richadzikira, uye kana rakaderera pane 40%, composting ichaitika nokukurumidza zvokuti nitrogen inorasika seammonia.
3) Kana tangobata zvinhu, composting inokamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri: padanho rekutanga, tupukanana. ndiwo anonyanya kushanda nekuti ane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinoora iripo uye ine mineralized. Kubva ipapo, muchikamu chechipiri, kukura kana kugadzikana kwecompost kunoitika, umo ma microorganisms anoderedza basa rawo nekuva nezvinhu zvishoma zvisingagadziriswi, panguva iyo polymerization uye condensation yezvakasara zvinoitika.
4) Iyo nzira, inoita seyakaoma, hazvinei nesu zvakananga, sezvo hutachiona huchashanda, asi isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezvekutarisa mamiriro azvinoitika kuitira kuti kuora kusakundike uye maitiro acho anoshanda.
Humidity uye tembiricha ndizvo zvakakosha mukuita uku, uye kuti zvirambe zviripo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa composter, zvichibvumira hutachiona kuchengetedza zvakasara zvakaoma uye nemhepo pavanenge vachiita basa ravo.
Iyo yakanaka ndeyekuchengetedza humidity pa50%, asi kwete kunyorovesa zvakasara zvakanyanya, kudzivirira mvura kubva pakubvisa okisijeni mumapores ezvakaumbwa. Nzira iri nyore yekuita izvi ndeyekudiridza murwi wezvimedu zvakanyatsonaka kwemavhiki maviri kusvika matatu pasina kugadzira puddles. Kuti compost yakaumbwa irege kuungana, zvinodikanwa kudzora aeration uye kushandura murwi wezvisaririra mwedzi miviri yega yega kuitira kuti pave neokisijeni yakakwana.
Yakagoverwa mukati mezvinhu zvinoora, inodzivirira kunhuhwirira kwakashata uye inofambisa kuuraya utachiona hwecompost sezvo ichibatsira kubvisa utachiona paunenge uchimhanyisa maitiro ekuora, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanyanya exothermic. Zano redu nderekuti aerate iyo mwedzi miviri yega yega, kushandura zviri mukati meiyo composter nerubatsiro rwepitchfork kana aerator.
Kuita uku kunotibvumira kushandisa zvine hungwaru zvinhu zvechirimwa, kudzokorodza zvigadzirwa zvisina basa uye kuwana manyowa akapfuma muorganic matter uye humus, iyo yakasarudzika fetireza yekuvandudza chikafu muvhu rezvirimwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekugadzira manyowa nekuchekerera masara.