Munyika yekurima fodya, kune mhando dzakawanda dzekusarudza kubva, imwe neimwe iine zvinhu zvayo uye zvinodiwa pakukura. Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiNicotiana tabacum, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira fodya yeKyringe Kandahar, fodya uye fodya yekutsenga, uye kunyange semushonga wezvipembenene.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kuti chii chinonzi fodya, maitiro ayo uye maitirwo aungaite kuti iirime kumba.
Nicotiana tabacum ine hurefu hwemamita 1,8 kana yasvika pakukura kwakazara uye hunde hwehunde hunosvika masendimita masere. Iine mashizha makuru, akareba uye akanongedza anogona kuyera masendimita makumi mapfumbamwe pakureba uye masendimita makumi matatu muhupamhi. Maruva ayo akaiswa mumapoka uye anopa kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya.
Kutarisira uye kurudziro yekukura kumba
Kukura Nicotiana tabacum kumba kunogona kuve chiitiko chinonakidza uye chine mubairo kune anodisa gadheni. Hazvina kuoma, asi zvakakosha kuti uzvichengete zvakakodzera kuitira kuti zvikure zvakanaka.
Danho rekutanga pakurima fodya kusarudza murimi akakodzera. Varimi vanouya neakasiyana maprofile profiles uye akasiyana nicotine simba mazinga.
Vanogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvehunyanzvi, nurseries uye paInternet. Nguva yakanaka yekutanga kudyara ichirimo, kuve nechokwadi tembiricha yakagadzikana yekukura kwayo.
Kana zvakura nekukohwewa, zvirimwa izvi zvinokwanisa kuburitsa goho rinopa mari uye rinotsvakwa. Kubva pakusarudza mhando yakakodzera kusvika pakuwana chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chaunoda, Kunzwisisa uye kushandisa nheyo dzekurima fodya kunokosha kuti ubudirire.
Nzira yakajairika yekumera mbeu yeNicotiana tabacum ndeyekudyara zvakananga muvhu, asi Zvinokwanisikawo kudyara mumidziyo yembesa mozoadyara gare gare.
Kana mbeu dzasvika kureba pakati pe30 kusvika 35 cm,
Yave nguva yekutanga kutetepa kunze kuti uve nechokwadi chekukura kwakakwana.
Mazita ane mukurumbira maererano neindasitiri yefodya, senge brightleaf, burley, uye darkleaf Kentucky, chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwavo uye zvavanoda.
Semuenzaniso, shizha reburley rinopenya, rinowanzoda zuva rakawanda uye ivhu rine acidic zvishoma, ukuwo Kentucky yakasviba-yakasviba inoda ivhu rinorema uye kushoma kudiridza.
Chiedza
Fodya inoda chiedza chezuva uye ivhu rakanyoroveswa nemvura kuti ikure zvakanaka. Iyo pH inokurudzirwa yevhu i6,8 kusvika 7. Pamwe chete nembeu yefodya, inogona kudyarwa. mhodzi dzebhinzi, pizi uye caraway, sezvavanobatsira kudzivirira zvimwe zvipembenene uye zvinogona kubatsira kuvandudza kunaka kwevhu.
Zvakakoshawo kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti ivo photoperiodic plant. Izvi zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwechiedza hwavanogashira pazuva rakapihwa hunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kukura nekukura kwavo.
Kunyanya kuratidzwa nezuva kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwechikakananda uye kuderera kwemhando yemashizha, nepo kushomeka kwezuva kunotadzisa kugadzirwa kwemashizha uye kukura kwechirimwa kwese. Kazhinji, kuratidzwa zuva rakananga kwemaawa matanhatu kana masere pazuva kunokurudzirwa.
Kudiridza
Kudiridzira kunofanira kuitwa kana ivhu raoma uye kunofanira kuva kwakawanda kuitira kuti midzi yemiti inyoroveswe zvakanaka.
Huwandu hwemvura hunodiwa huchaenderana zvakanyanya nemhando yekukura masisitimu anoshandiswa, sekudzvara kwechinyakare kana nzira yemazuva ano yekudyara, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo inokura, kusanganisira tembiricha, kunaya kwemvura uye evaporation rates.
Semumwe mutemo wekutanga wegunwe, zvirimwa zvefodya zvinowanzoda pakati pe25 ne50 mm yemvura pasvondo mukati memwedzi yazvo yekukura, iyo inofanirwa kushandiswa muzvikamu zvisingaite asi zvakadzika zvekudiridza. Nzira dzemadiridziro dzakajairika ndedze furrow, sprinkler uye drip irrigation.
Munguva yese yekukura, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvirimwa uye kutarisa matambudziko akajairika sekuvapo kwezvipembenene kana zvirwere. Kana izvi zviri izvo, matanho akakodzera anofanirwa kutorwa kubvisa dambudziko nekukurumidza, isati yapararira kune mimwe miti.
Ini ndinowanzo
Chechipiri chinonyanya kukosha chinodiwa pafodya kusarudzwa kwevhu rakakodzera. Kuti pave nemigumisiro yakanaka, ivhu rinofanirwa kunge riine mvura yakanaka uye ine acidic zvishoma pH, inotangira pakati pe6,0 ne7,0.
Pamusoro pemvura yakakwana uye mazinga ane acidity, ivhu kana jecha kuumbwa kunogonawo kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemidzi uye kutora kwechikafu. Kune iwo ma cultivar anoda ivhu rine acidic, Mishonga inogona kuwedzerwa kune ivhu kuderedza pH, kunyange izvi zvichifanira kuitwa zvine mwero.
Miti yefodya iri nyore kutarisira, asi inoda kutarisirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chehutano hwayo. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuyeuka ndechekuchengeta ivhu rakanyorova asi risina kuzara nemvura. Uyezve, Fetereza inogona kuiswa mavhiki maviri ega ega kupa zvirimwa nekudya kunodiwa pakukura kwadzo.
Vanyoreri
Kuisa fetereza yezvirimwa zvefodya idanho rakakoshawo pakurima kwazvinoita. Kufanana nemiti mizhinji, fodya inoda mwero wakakwana wezvinovaka muviri kusimudzira hutano hwayo hwese uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvakajairika. Fodya inoda nitrogen, phosphorus nepotassium, uye dzimwe nguva yakakwira yakawanda yecalcium nemagnesium, kugamuchira kukura kwakakwana.
Panguva yekudyara kusati kwadyarwa, mafetireza akawanda enitrogen anofanirwa kuiswa kugadzirira ivhu kuitira kuti rive nemhoteredzo yakanaka.
Kuve mukukura nekukura kwechirimwa, Kuwedzera kuisa fetereza kunofanirwa kuitwa kana zvichidikanwa. Kuti urege kukuvadza midzi, kushandiswa kwefetereza kunofanira kunge kwakareruka, kupararira kwemavhiki mashomanana, uye kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Maitiro emuviri, senge micronutrient absorption, anogona zvakare kuvandudzwa nekutora ivhu microbiology mukufunga panguva yekuisa fetereza.
Kuchekerera
Kuchekerera mashizha kunobatsirawo kuve nechokwadi chekukura kwakanaka uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemashizha echirimwa. Inofanira kuitwa kana zvirimwa zvichiri zvidiki uye zvishoma, sezvo kuchekwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa kukura kwayo uye hutano. Kusakura kunokoshawo kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakapoteredza zvirimwa yakachena uye kudzivisa makwikwi ezvokudya uye chiedza.
Kuti muwane mbesa dzefodya dzemhando yepamusoro dzinopa goho repamusoro, kuchekerera kwakafanira kunofanirawo kuitwa. Kana zvaitwa nemazvo, Kuchekerera kunokwanisa kuwedzera kukura uye goho rechirimwa chefodya.
Kuchekerera kunofanira kuitwa kana maruva atanga kukura uye mashizha asati akohwewa. Nzira dzekuchekerera dzinosanganisira kubvisa mashizha ane mavara, akaoma uye asina ruvara. Muzvokwadi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekucheka zvirwere zvinorwara, izvo zvichavadzivirira kubva kune zvirwere.
Zvipembenene Zvefodya zvakajairika
Pakati pezvipembenene zvinonyanya kupararira ibudworm refodya, bete, uye green aphid.
The bud worm: Yakasvibira, inokandira mazai ayo mumabukira ezvirimwa uye inosiya zvirimwa zvichitaridzika zvakanyanya. Mune zvimwe zviitiko inoparadza zvachose zvirimwa, ichibudisa madzinde akawanda panzvimbo pedzinde guru.
Chipembenene chefodya: Iyo ine ruvara dema, inotsenga uye ichisiya maburi madiki kuburikidza neshizha refodya. Dzinowanzorwisa zvirimwa zvidiki, asi kana zvirimwa zvaiswa mumunda chipembenene ichi chinoramba chichidya pachiri.
Naizvozvo, vanogona kuramba vachivanetesa uye kuuraya mabuds. Kukuvadza kunogona kupfuurira mumwaka wose wekukura uye kupfuurira pamashizha akakura, kuwedzera Dzinokandira mazai muvhu dzodya midzi.
Green aphid: Zvipembenene zvidiki zvinosiyana kubva paruvara rwegirinhi kusvika kuyero zvinokuvadza fodya nekusveta muto wechirimwa kubva pamashizha zvawo zvoita kuti dzipenye. Pakudya, inoburitsa mhando yemolasses inofarira kukura kwefungus. izvo zvinoita kuti zvirimwa zvioneke soti nhema.
Kana chipembenene chakanyanya, chinogona kukonzera kusapora mushure mekukohwa.
Kurwisa tumbuyu uhu, nzira dzekuchengetedza goho dzinofanirwa kushandiswa, dzakaita sekuchinjanisa mbesa kwakafanira, kudzora twupukanana, kushandiswa kwezvidzoreso zvebhayoloji uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari kana zvichidikanwa.
Fodya yakarimwa inogona kuva nzira yakanaka yekunakidzwa nechirimwa chinoshongedza uye chinobereka mubindu rako. Nekutarisirwa kwakanaka uye netarisiro, kukura kwavo kunogona kuve nyore uye inzira yakanaka yekuwana mufaro wekurima.
Nicotiana tabacum chirimwa chinonakidza, chine zvivakwa zvakasiyana, uye chinogona kushandiswa kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, unogona kupa miti yakanaka, ine hutano inogara kwemakore.
Mukupedzisa, chirongwa chekubudirira kurimwa chirimwa chefodya ibasa rine mativi mazhinji uye rakaoma. Kubva pakusarudza mhando yaunoda kusvika pakushandisa madiridziro akakodzera uye kugadzira zvirongwa zvefetereza netwumbuyu dzinodiwa, kurima fodya ibasa rakaoma.
Asi, kana ikabatwa nemazvo, kurimwa kwefodya kunogona kuita kuti pave negoho repamusoro uye remhando yepamusoro.