Oregon Giant Mushroom

Wakambonzwa nezve iyo Oregon huchi howa? Iyo hofori hofori iyo inogara muminda yeOregon, muUnited States uye ndicho chipenyu chikuru pasi rose. Hohowa huku huku hunodaidzwa armillaria ostoyae uye anogara muMalheur National Forest uye anozivikanwa sehuchi howa.

Kunyangwe ichi chakazvarwa kubva kune imwechete spore iyo yaisaonekwa pasina microscope, yakatanga kukura kudzamara yasvika padanho risinganzwisisike: 880 mahekita, ndokuti nezve 1665 nhandare yenhabvu. Kune ziso, anotaridzika sehowa ine ngowani dzendarama. Inodyiwa kunyangwe isina kupfuma zvakanyanya mukuravira. Inoonekwa sehowa hukuru pasi rose. Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, biology uye kuziva kweiyo howa hukuru pasi rose.

Ndeupi howa hukuru pasi rose?

Kana tichitaura kune howa hukuru kwazvo pasi pano tiri kunongedzera kumuviri unobereka zvibereko uye chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kwazvo nehowa hukuru pasi rose. Mune ino kesi, isu tiri kureva kune seti yemichero yemichero uye iyo mycelium. Nhasi, howa hukuru pasi rose huri muOregon uye unowanikwa muMalheur National Forest, muUnited States.. Zita resainzi rinozivikanwa se Armillaria ostoyae uye imhando yezvipuka yakawana hukuru hwakakura.

Yayo mycelium inosvika 965 mahekita uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti ane makore zviuru mazana masere nemazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu. Nekuda kweiyi saizi uye hunhu hwayo, inoonekwawo sehupenyu hukuru huri munyika. Iyo fungus inopararira iyo inoyerera pasi pemiti uye inogona kutora zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nemhando yeiyo uye inonzi rhizomorphs. Iyo mycelium inzvimbo yepasi pevhu iyo inobvumidza iyo kunwa zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nedzimwe mhando dzeanonzi maRhizomes, Inopinda mumudzi wemuti uye inotadzisa midziyo yayo yekuitisa. Kana ikaramba yakareba zvakakwana kuti ifukidze midzi yemuti, inofa. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwerudzi urwu rwefungi, kune huwandu hwakawanda hwenyika iwe kwaunogona kuwana yakawanda mienzaniso yemiti yakafa.

Uye chokwadi ndechekuti Oregon fungus inongova imwe chete yemarudzi zviuru zana zvefungus zvatinoziva chete kuti ine hunhu hwakasarudzika. Tsvagiridzo yakatanga mumasango eOregon mukupera kwema100.000. Huwandu hukuru hwevasayendisiti veAmerica vakaona kuvepo kweiyo Armillaria ostoyae uye vakatanga kuongorora chiitiko ichi. Mhedziso yezvidzidzo izvi yaive iyo chakuvhe ichi chaive chikonzero chekuparadzwa kwemahekita nemahekita emiti yakafa.

Kuziva kweiyo Oregon fungus

Nemakore anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi maviri ehupenyu, iyi fungus yauraya mazana emiti ine rhizomorphic filaments. Izvo zvaive kunyangwe nekuda kweizvi izvo zvakawanikwa apo musayendisiti Catherine Parks paakatanga kuongorora kufa kukuru kwemiti musango iri. Munguva yekuferefeta, akadzidza zana nemakumi maviri neshanu reDNA masampuli uye nekudaro akawana kuti makumi matanhatu neshanu acho aive nemagariro akasarudzika anoenderana neDNA yefungus.

Kusvikira 1992 imwe Armillaria ostoyae yakawanikwa mudunhu reWashington chaive chinhu chipenyu chikuru pasi rose asi apo Oregon howa yakawanikwa, yakakurumidza kuverengera, ichipeta zvakapetwa kukosha kweiyo Washington howa.

Kunze kwekuda kuziva tinogona kutaura kuti ichi ndicho chipenyu chikuru pasi rose. Zvisinei, kukura kwayo kunongova pasi pevhu. Munzvimbo idzi dzepasi pevhu inokwanisa kuwedzera kusvika kunharaunda yemakiromita gumi emakiromita. Zvisinei nehukuru uhwu, chikamu chidiki chete chekukura kwehowa ichi ndicho chinogona kuonekwa pamusoro penyika. Saizvozvo, ichi chikamu chete chinoonekwa pamusoro pevhu ndicho chinogona kudyiwa.

Iyo saprophytic fungus iyo inogona kutora zvinovaka muviri kubva muvhu uye zvidiki zvidimbu senge mashizha akadonha kana huni dzakaora. Masayendisiti anoti izvozvo iyi fungus inobudirira kuora kwehuni. Kubva munaChikunguru kusvika Mbudzi, miviri inobereka yeiyo fungi inogona kuonekwa muvhu.

Iyo yakareba sei howa hukuru pasi rose?

Iyo yakanyanya dhayamita yekapu yeiyi howa ndeye 10 cm. Iine chitenderedzwa uye chakatsiga chimiro. Ganda ravo rakatsvukuruka muvara uye rakafukidzwa nerima, makwikwi akaunyana. Izvi zviyero zviri pachena mukati meheti. Ine mashizha echipiri uye ine shava-chena muvara. Vanosviba zviri nyore kana ukavabata.

Kana iri tsoka, yakasviba uye ine yakajeka bhuru bhuru ine masikero erima. Nyama yeiyi specimen yakachena uye ine tambo inotapira pakutanga uye inovava gare gare. Kunyangwe iri mhando hombe pasi rose, hazvirevi kuti ine saizi inoshamisa. Kana zvisiri, inotiza kubva pakupararira nemidzi yemiti pamusoro pemazana emahekita.

Tinogona kuvhiringidza iyo Armillaria ostoyae with the armillaria mellea. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo specimen yakasiyana nekuti haina zviyero zvakasviba, ngowani, kana tsoka. Nezvekugara, tinogona kuzviwana munzvimbo dzinorimwa miti. Dzinoiswa pamatanda uye hunde yemiti yakasvibira. Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda uye hupfumi hweiyi howa yakakomberedzwa nema conifers.

Mwaka wekukohwa weiyi howa uri mukudonha. Kuti tiibike, isu tinongoda kurasa payi uye kubvisa mvura yekubika. Inogona kudyiwa yakabikwa, asi kana isina kugadzirwa zvakanaka, inokonzera zvimwe zviratidzo zvekudhakwa. Kune avo vari vatsva uye vasingazive zvakawandisa nezvehowa uyu, hatikurudzire kuutora. Iyo inongoshandiswa chete pakubika zvinobudirira mukubika madhiri kana stew. Kudya woga hakuna kukurudzirwa.

Howa hunorema zvakadii Armillaria ostoyae?

Une makore angangoita zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu, inorema anenge mazana mana ematani (yakaenzana nehuremu hwemabhuru ebhuruu matatu) uye inovhara nzvimbo inosvika mahekita makumi manomwe nemashanu, zvinoreva kuti ine minda yenhabvu inosvika zana nemakumi mana neshanu muhukuru.

Sezvauri kuona, zvakasikwa zvinogona kutishamisa nehupenyu hwayo hukuru hwakakura. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve howa hukuru pasi rose uye kuti hunhu hwazvo uye zvido zvacho ndezvipi.