Peya mhete (Solanum muricatum)

La peya vise Iyo futa yakati inozivikanwa isingazivikanwe uye ndeyekuti kana tembiricha yatanga kukwira uye zhizha rasvika, kupisa kunounza neshanduko mutsika dzinosanganisira nzira yekupfeka uye chikafu chinodyiwa. Zvibereko nemiriwo ine huwandu hwemvura yakanyanya kunaka kuti upise iyo inopa mavitamini uye zvicherwa, zvinobatsira pahutano.

Kubva kuAndes nyika kunouya inozorodza yekubika sarudzo inozivikanwa sevhoni peya. Ndizvo inozorodza michero inonaka inotapira inogona kuve iripo mune dzakasiyana dzekuratidzira maporesi senge sarudzo yekumatsutso uye yezhizha chikafu.

Kutanga

Uyewo zvinokwanisika kuzviisa mubindu redu uye nekudaro uve nemhando dzakasiyana dzinonakidza dzekukura munzvimbo dzakadzikama. Pane humbowo hwakanyorwa hwekurimwa kwemavhiri peya pamberi pekuwanikwa kweAmerica. Pre-Mepanishi dhizaini pane yevhu tafura kuratidza kuti kurimwa kwayo uye kudyiwa kwaiwanzoitika, kunyanya mune maAndean Moche, Paracas uye Chimú tsika. Iyi mhando chirimwa chinotumbuka chemhuri yeSolanaceae.

Munguva yekoloni kushandiswa kwayo kwakarambidzwa uye kwakamiswazve muCentral America neMexico. Kuendesa kunze kwaro kuchangobva kuitika, sezvo isingashiviriri nzendo refu chaizvo, asi zvakadaro chirimwa chakaunzwa munyika dzakaita seUnited States, Spain, Australia neNew Zealand. Chikafu ichi chine zita resainzi re Solanum muricatum uye ine mazita akakurumbira akasiyana akadai se: cucumber inotapira, vise kana michero, visi remuti uye xachum, cachum uye kachuma.

Hunhu hwevise peya

Kune akawanda marudzi eiyo Perennial pear manwi munyika yeAndes yePeru uye ese anoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzevhu. Iyo Polytechnic University yeValencia kuSpain yakagadzira mhando mbiri dzinorimwa kuEurope iyo inotapira yakareba uye inotenderera kutenderera. Inokura gore rega uye inoratidza kuratidzika kwebranch. Midzi inosvika pakadzika makumi matanhatu ine chikamu chepamusoro mumasentimita makumi mashanu ekutanga, madzinde acho ane husimbe uye anorodza nekufamba kwenguva uye mavara emapazi anowanzo kuve akasvibira kana epepuru mune mamwe marudzi.

Mashizha ane chimiro che lanceolate chinogona kuyera kubva pamasendimita gumi kusvika pamasendimita makumi matatu uye iwo akaumbwa nemapepa matatu kana manomwe, maruva ehermaphroditic ari pakati pemaruva mashanu kusvika makumi maviri pasumbu rimwe, maruva acho akachena nemitsara midiki yepepuru uye dzimwe nguva mitsara inovhara ruva zvachose kana kuti chena zvachose.

Mbeu idiki uye gramu imwe inogona kuva nezvikamu zvinosvika mazana mapfumbamwe. Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakuvandudza kwemajini emuti asi kwete kubereka, saka zviri nani kudyara nekucheka. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo mhando ndeye heterozygous uye mhodzi dzinopa zvirimwa zvisina kufanana. Iko kunaka kwacho kwakapfava uye hakuwanzo kupinza mukanwa. Zvichienderana nezinga rekusvira inogona kudyiwa sechibereko kana chinongedzo chemasaladhi ezhizha.

Maumbirwo uye zvivakwa

Iyo peya peya chibereko chine yakakwira muzana muzana yemvura, ingangoita 90%, kuwedzera kune yakaderera macalorie, fiber, zvicherwa uye mavitamini. Izvo zvine potasium zviri pakati nepakati uye vhitamini C zvemukati zvakakwirira, nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi chikafu chinogonesa uye chakanakira yakaderera-koriori chikafu. Kudya kwayo kunobatsirawo kune vanhu vane chirungurira uye kuzvimbirwa nematambudziko uye kunobatsira kwazvo kudzora uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvemoyo, sezvo zvichibatsira kubvisa cholesterol. Iyo ine anti-kupisa zvinhu uye inoderedza furu zviratidzo.

Kurima nekutarisira

Mamiriro ekunze akakodzera ekurimwa kwemavise peari ndeaya ane mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka uye padyo negungwa, kubvira chirimwa chinotonhorera chinotonhora, kuri kuita tembiricha inogona kuuraya iri pasi pe12 ° C. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzvitarisire kubva kumhepo ine simba. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ivhu riine mabudiro akanaka kunyangwe ichizoramba kuwanda kwemvura zvakanaka. Kudyara kunoitwa nekucheka, iko kunoshandiswa iyo semi-huni yeiyo 10 kusvika 20 cm pakureba. Dzakasimwa zvakananga muvhu uye imwe substrate inowedzerwa kwazviri.

Munzvimbo dzeMediterranean pane mawirikure maviri ari kukura, imwe inodyarwa kutanga kwaNdira uye inokohwewa pakati paMay naJune uye yechipiri inodyarwa pakati paKurume naSeptember uye inokohwewa munaNdira. kuchengetedza humidity yevhu isina kupfuura.

Iyo nhanho yekuramba tupukanana yakakwira, ndokuti, inogona kurwiswa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzadzo pasina kukanganisa goho, saka izvi zvinoita kuti rirambe zvikuru. Zvimwe zvezvipembenene kana zvirwere zvinogona kuzvikanganisa ndea Tsvuku tsvuku, hove, whiteflies uye mbatatete bete. Dzese dzinorapwa neiyo inoratidzirwa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye zvipembenene yekutarisirwa uye hutano hwemuti.