Nhasi tichataura nezverudzi rwemushonga wesora uyo wakonzera makakatanwa munyika yezvakatipoteredza nekurima. Zvayo ndezve Roundup. Monsanto yaive kambani yemarudzi akawanda yaigadzira agrochemicals uye biotechnology iyo yakagadzirirwa kurima. Imwe yenharo huru Monsanto inoshandisa kutaura kuti yaifarira biotechnology ndeyekuti ichabatsira kudzikisa mashandisirwo emishonga yesora. Zvisinei, yanga ichigadzira zvirimwa zvinomiririra Roundup kwenguva yakareba uye yakareba.
Naizvozvo, tiri kuenda kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyo Roundup herbicide uye dambudziko senge Monsanto.
Roundup neMonsanto
Mwedzi mishoma yapfuura, Monsanto yakatanga mushandirapamwe wekushambadzira kusimudzira zvese zvakanakira chikafu chakasiyana chinogadziriswa. Ese makambani ayo uye ma subsidiary ane hafu yemapatendi pane makumi matatu neshanu chikafu chinoshandiswa. Izvi zvekudya zviri nyore kukura muzvirimwa, sezvo zvichinyanya kupokana nezvipembenene nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana, kuwedzera kune yakashata mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvepakati chakasimbiswa neMonsanto sekupokana kudzivirira chikafu chakagadziriswa ndechekuti dzinobatsira kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka nemishonga yekuuraya sora. Nenzira iyi, ivo vanoedza kuvimbisa mupiro wehuwandu hwakawanda hwechikafu chinorimwa nenzira yechisikirwo uye vanodzivirira, kwete chete kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo asiwo rudo runogona kumunhu. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvaunoshambadzira mumushandirapamwe wekushambadza uye chokwadi ndechekuti huwandu hwemishonga yesora pazvirimwa iri kuwedzera. Uye ndeyekuti Monsanto ndiyo inogadzira makemikari ezvekurima uye inoshandisa majini ekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi.
El Roundup inoumbwa neglyphosate uye ihwo hwakakura hutachiona hunoshandiswa kuuraya sora muzvirimwa nekuvandudza kugadzirwa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzegore, biannuals uye perennials inogona kushandiswa. Yakave zvakare yakashandiswa nemhedzisiro yakanaka kupesana nesedge, huni dzemakwenzi, yakafara-mashizha masora uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvekutengesa. Nekufamba kwenguva uyu mushonga wesora wave mumwe weunonyanya kushandiswa mune zvese zvekurima uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Mashandiro anoita Roundup
Ichi chinyorwa cheherbicide chinoumbwa neglyphosate uye chinogona kuzadzikiswa kumashizha, kubaya jekiseni nemadzinde. Inogona zvakare kumwayiwa pamuti wemuti uye inoshandiswa senzira yemusango. Inouraya zvirimwa sezvo ichikanganisa kusanganisa kweiyo huru amino acids. Izvi amino acids i tyrosine, phenylalanine uye tryptophan. Kugona kupindira mune synthesis yeaya amino acids, inofanirwa kutadzisa basa reiyo enzyme 5-enolpyruvilshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Kukura kunomira mumaawa mashoma mushure mekushandisa Roundup.
Kunyangwe kukura kwacho kuchimira, inofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti chiito chayo chinononoka uye mhedzisiro yacho inogona kutora mazuva. Semuyenzaniso, mashizha anowanzotora mazuva mashoma kuti aite yero. Iyi enzyme haina kugadzirwa chete nemiti asiwo nezvimwe tupukanana. Nekudaro, haina kugadzirwa nezvipuka, saka iyo mashandiro ekuita yekudzivirira iyi enzyme haina kukanganisa mhuka.
Kunyangwe ichinzwika senge isinganzwisisike, isu tinoziva kuti glyphosate a ndiyo inoshanda musimboti muRoundup, uye kunyangwe izvi, Monsanto yakatengwa naBayer uye patent mune dzimwe nyika iyo glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean. Kunyangwe iri iyo kambani inotengesa zvakanyanya iyi herbicide, yanga iri mutariri wekugadzira zvinomera zvakagadziriswa zvinopesana neiyo inonzi herbicide.
Zvimwe zvezvirimwa izvo yakanyanya kumira kuRoundup chibage, donje uye canola, pakati pevamwe. Iko kushandiswa kweiyi herbicide kunozivikanwa kuve nekukakavara kubva kune ese ane chepfu uye ezvakatipoteredza maonero.
Zvemamiriro ekunze
Ramba uchifunga kuti pane chakavanzika chipingamupinyi pakukwira kweRoundup semushonga wemushonga mukurima. Kuwedzeredzwa kushandiswa kweiyi herbicide mukurima kwaizoparadza miriwo yakaipa uye chirimwawo zvacho. Mhinduro inopihwa nekambani inogadzira ndeyekuti vanoramba vachirwisa iyi herbicide. Varimi vanogona kushandisa huwandu hwakawanda hweRoundup vasingaparadze zvirimwa zvavo. Izvi zvinoita kuti Monsanto iwane purofiti. Kutanga, iwe unowana iyo mhindu kubva mukutengesa herbicide. Kune rimwe divi, iwe unoita mari yakawanda nekutengesa zvirimwa zvinopesana nemushonga wesora. Pakupedzisira chakaita sechichena chinoruma muswe.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva icho kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemishonga yesora iyi kwakanyanya. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemakemikari kunomiririra njodzi huru dzezvakatipoteredza nehutano. Kunyangwe uyu mushonga wesora usina kushata kuvanhu, zvipfuyo uye zvipuka zvakajairika, hazvizivikanwe kuti chii chinokonzera nharaunda inogona kuburitsa munguva refu. Isu tinoziva kuti kuburikidza neiyo bioaccumulation maitiro, mamwe makemikari makomputa anogona kuchengetwa nekufamba kwenguva. Iyi bioaccumulation maitiro inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba muketani yechikafu.
Ongororo dzakasiyana dzezvinyorwa zvesainzi dzakakwanisa kutsanangura nhevedzano yematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza nehutano zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemishonga yesora iyi. Nyaya idzi dzakaratidza kuti Gifosate inogona kukonzeresa mammalian uye zvine chepfu maitiro anosanganisira kubatwa uye kunyange kusungwa kwekufema. Izvi zvinoitika uye zvakanyatso kuvharirwa kuruzhinji nekuti chinokonzeresa huturu uhwu handicho chinhu chikuru cheRoundup. Icho chimwe chezvinhu uye maiseti asina kunyorwa uye izvo zvinoita kuti uyu mushonga wesora ushande zviri nyore. Pakati pezvinhu izvi zvisina kujairika pane anoshanda saizi anoshanda sePEA. Zvimwewo zvakare ma organic acids ane hukama neglyphosate uye isopropylamine.
Sezvauri kuona, pane gakava pakati pemakambani akazvipira mukutengesa mishonga yesora pamwe neavo vane hanya nezvekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvinodikanwa chete kuti uone kuti kune huwandu hwehupfumi hwakawanda huri pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye rudo kana rudo runogona kuitika pavanhu uye zvisikwa zvipenyu nemhuka.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Roundup uye maitiro ayo.