El shiitake chakuvhe chiri cheboka re chiJapan howa uye kuti inokosheswa zvese muChina neJapan, pamwe nepasirese pasirese. Iine zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshanda sechikafu chakanaka asi zvakare zvine mishonga, pakati pazvo marapirwo ayo anozivikanwa kubva kunguva dzekare anomira. Iyo tambo yayo inonaka uye inonaka kupfuura iyo howa. Pakati peiyi flavour nemishonga yayo inoita kuti ive howa iyo iri pakati pembowa dzinonyanya kudyiwa pasi rose.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, zvivakwa uye kuziva nezve shiitake.
Mhando huru
Kunyangwe ichinyanyo kuzivikanwa se shiitake howa, zita rayo resainzi ndere lentinula edodes. Ine ngowani iyo mune mazhinji emakopi anowanzove nayo dhayamita iri pakati pemasendimita mashanu kusvika gumi. Munguva yakawanda yekukura kwehowa uyu kapu ine chimiro chakakombama asi inowanzo bata uye kutodzora mwoyo painosvika padanho rakakura. Ichi chiratidzo cheiyo ingangoitika nguva yefungus.
Iyo ine rakasviba brown cuticle iyo yakanyatso kufanana mune mamwe maenzaniso. Panogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana pakati pevanhu vakasiyana nekuti mamwe howa ane akachekwa mavara kana iwe uchisvika pamucheto weheti. Munzvimbo idzi ine ocher color. Ngowani inotsvedzerera pakutanga asi zviyero zvakapfava zvinoshandiswa. Iwo margin ndewemhando yakasarudzika mune ese madiki maenzaniso. Sezvavanosvika pakuva vanhu vakuru, vaviri vanove vakagadziriswa uye vanogona kuzopedzisira vawedzerwa zvizere.
Humwe hunhu hunoshanda kusiyanisa shiitake ndeyekuti ngowani yayo haina kurohwa uye ine zvisaririra zvevheiri zvinonyangarika nekufamba kwenguva. Iyo ine chena yakashongedza laminae uye inoshanduka kuva brownish uye inowana toni dzeyero painenge ichikura. Aya mashizha ari padyo pamwe uye ane rukoko rwakashata.
Kana iri tsoka, ipfupi asi yakaenzana nemutumbi wese. Imhando yetsoka izere nenyama uye vara rayo rakafanana nereheti. Iyo ine yakati wandei diki tambo. Yakakomberedzwa pazasi uye ine nzvimbo yakaumbwa nezvakasara zvevheiri.
Chekupedzisira, nyama yeiyi howa yakaoma uye yakaumbana. Iine ruvara rwakacheneruka uye hwema hunonakidza hwefungal. Iko kunhuhwirira kweiyi howa kwakanyatsojeka uye kwayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive howa hwakanyanya kudyiwa pasirese.
Habitat uye huwandu hweshiitake
Rudzi urwu rwehowa rwunopararira uye runorimwa kunyanya padanda rine huni. Nenzira yechisikigo yakawanikwa munzvimbo dziri padyo nenzvimbo dzinowanikwa zvirimwa zvese muchirimo nematsutso. Munyika dzakawanda imhando yechienzi inobereka michero mumapoka. Iyo haizove inopinda zvisikwa.
Kurimwa kweshiitake kwakatanga munyika dzekumabvazuva makore 1000 apfuura. Nekudaro, mbiri yayo haina kupararira kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika payakaunzwa kuWestern Europe. Uye ndeyekuti ine hunhu husinga tsanangurike kunyangwe inogona kunge iine mamwe marudzi ayo ayo anogona kuvhiringidzika Tinotaura nezvazvo Neolentinus adhaerens. Iyo iri mhando isingawanzoitika yehwahwa iyo inogona kumwe kuvhiringidzika ne shiitake. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti ine tambo inonaka uye haina zviyero zvakapfava zveheti.
Nekudaro, hapana matambudziko mazhinji kana zvasvika pakuvhiringidzika, sezvo iri zvakare inodyiwa neine hunhu hwakasiyana asi hunofadza. Mishonga inocherechedzwawo kune iyi mhando kubva ipapo anoburitsa antitumor polysaccharide uye anoverengwa sekushandisa antiviral. Naizvozvo, iyo inogona kuvhiringidzika yeshiitake haina kupihwa yakanyanya kukosha.
Zvivakwa uye mashandisiro eshiitake
Kana tikatarisa mhando iyi yehowa zvinovaka muviri tinogona kuona kuti ane zvese zvakakosha amino acids. Iyo zvakare inomira kunze kuve nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvicherwa kusanganisira yakawanda yakawanda yesimbi, calcium uye zinc. Iyo zvakare ine yakakwira zvemukati zve mavhitaminzi eboka B, E uye D, unsaturated fatty acids uye yakawanda polysaccharides.
Iyo howa iyo kune ayo ekurapa anoshandiswa pakurwisa zvirwere zvinoitika nekuda kwekutonhora zvakanyanya. Zvirwere izvi ndezvekuti: bronchitis, dzihwa, rhinitis, dzihwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona. Aya mishonga yekurapa anonzi akaitiswa nekuda kwekuti ine akateedzana emabasa anoshanda pazvirwere. Ngatimboongororai izvi zvinoshanda:
- Lentinian ipolysaccharide inokurudzira macrophages, lymphocytes uye synthesis ye interferon. Izvi zvinogadzira shiitake Inogona kushandiswa kudzivisa kukura kwemamota.
- Iine mhando yealkaloid inonzi eitadenine iyo inobatsira kudzikisa serum cholesterol mazinga uye zvakare ine zvimwe zvinokanganisa mukuderedza BP.
- Pamusoro peiyo polysaccharides nemaproteoglycans ataurwa pamusoro, ine yakakwira zvemukati meprititamin D. Vitamin D ndiyo inoburitswa kubudikidza nekuratidzwa nezuva. Aya polysaccharides ane antiviral uye immunoregulatory mhedzisiro.
- Iyo haina chete ine polysaccharides asi zvakare ine disaccharides. Muenzaniso weiyi trehalose. Iyo inononoka kugaya shuga iyo inofarira kukura kweBifidobacteria brevis neLactobacillus brevis mukoloni. Kubudirira kwehutachiona hunobatsira hutumbu hwemukati.
Howa kubika
Shiitake ine hwema hwakadzama hunoreva hwema hwepasi, caramel uye nutmeg. Iko kusanganisa kunoita kuti inakidze senge umami. Pamwe zvirinani kushandisa mashiitakes matsva. Kana tangovabika tinokwanisa kuona kuti vane hunyoro uye hwakapfava.
Kuti tigadzire, tinofanirwa kudziwisira mumvura inodziya nehusiku kana pakati pemaawa mashanu nema5 tisati tazvishandisa. Tinogona kuzvisanganisa mumhando dzakasiyana dzesobho kana stew asi zvinofanirwa kugara zvichirangarirwa mupfungwa kuti zvinofanirwa kubikwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe ese. Tinofanira kubvisa tsoka ine tambo uye tinogona kuibika yakakwana kana mumashizha.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve shiitake.