Kunyangwe tichiona zvirimwa zvichikura zvakajairika, vane dambudziko rakakura rekutarisana naro nguva dzese. Ivo vanofanirwa kuyedza kutora yakawanda carbon dioxide sezvinobvira kuburikidza neyakaitwa photosynthesis uye chengetedza mvura yakawanda sezvinobvira. Kuti vatore kabhoni dhayokisaidhi kubva mudenga, vanoda nhengo dzinozivikanwa se stomata. Aya ndiwo maseru akasarudzika anowanikwa muepidermis yezvirimwa uye ane iri basa.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve stomata uye mashandiro avo muzvirimwa.
Chii chinonzi stomata
Carbon dioxide inowanikwa mumhepo asi yakanyanyisa. Chete 0.03% yemweya zvemukati memhepo ndiyo kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Naizvozvo, vanoda mitezo chaiyo kuti vakwanise kutora gasi iri uye nekuita photosynthesis. Nhengo dzinotarisira kutora carbon dioxide ndiyo stomata. Iyi stomata haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwepores kana kuvhura uko kunogona kugadziriswa uye kunowanikwa mune epidermal tishu. Iwo akaumbwa neaviri maseru akasarudzika anonzi anowanikwa maseru.
Iyo pore iyo inogadzira kuburikidza ne stomata inonzi ostiole. Iyo ostiolus iri pamusoro pekutaurirana mukati memuti pamwe nechuni chinonzi imba yepamusoro. Pamativi esero rega rega rinowanikwa kazhinji kazhinji maseru mazhinji epidermal anonzi masero anobatsira kana masero ekuwanikidza. Kana zvasvika pakuvhura kana kuvhara iyo stomata, ndiwo maseru anowanikwa anoidzora.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyo stomata Ndidzo dzinomiririra chinongedzo pakati pezvakatipoteredza nemuti. Kwayakabva iyi stomata inogona kunge yakamuka apo zvirimwa zvikagadzirisa nharaunda yazvo kubva muchikamu chemumvura uye zvaive zvichikonzera ivhu. Nzira yekubatanidza iyo kabhoni dhayokisaidhi yakanyungudutswa mune zvakatipoteredza yakagadziridzwa. Kubva pakupinda kuburikidza neacarbon dioxide yakanyungudutswa mumvura kusvika pakuzvisefa kubva mumhepo.
Mhando huru
Stomata aripo muepidermis yezvikamu zvese zvemuchadenga zvemuti. Izvi zvikamu zvemuchadenga zvinoumba mashizha, mashizha akasvibira, maruva uye michero iri kukura. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvemuti zvine stomata yekukwanisa kuchinjanisa okisijeni uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi kubva munzvimbo. Kune zvimwe zvirimwa senge pisum sativum iyo zvakare ine stomata pamidzi.
Parizvino, hapana imwe yenhengo idzi yakawanikwa mune algae, fungi kana zvimwe zvinomera zvine hutachiona zvisina chlorophyll. Nekudaro, ivo varipo mu bryophytes, pteridophytes uye spermatophytes. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemashizha, inowanzo kuve nenhamba yakakura ye stomata. Uye ichi chikamu chemuchadenga chine huwandu hukuru hwemweya wekutsinhana nemhepo.
Rimwe rematambudziko anosangana nemiti panguva yekusanaya kana munguva yezhizha iri kurasikirwa kwemvura kuburikidza neiyi kuchinjana gasi. Uye ndezvekuti, kana stomata ichivhurwa, kwete chete magasi anochinjaniswa kubva mukati kuenda kunze kwechirimwa, asi zvakare chikamu chemvura icho chirimwa chine mukati mayo chinobuda. Neichi chikonzero, photosynthesis inofanirwa kuve yakapedza kudzidza panguva idzodzo dzezuva kana tembiricha yakaderera uye huwandu hweziya ndihwo hushoma. Saka, zvirimwa zvinovimbisa kurasikirwa nemvura kushoma kuburikidza neiyi gasi kuchinjana.
Kupesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, kune akawanda maruva ayo havaite photosynthesize sekuenderera mberi munguva yezhizha kana mwaka yakaoma. Vanoita izvi kuitira kuchengetedza mvura yakawanda sezvinobvira uye kwete kutambisa chero chinhu kuburikidza nedikita. Imwe nzira yekurarama uye kugadzirisa kune zvakatipoteredza ndeyekuita photosynthesis chete mumaawa ekutanga emangwanani pakanga pava nemanheru. Iyo hunyanzvi iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza yakawanda mvura sezvinobvira, nekuti iko kumisikidza panguva ino kushoma.
Kukanganisa mashoma emagetsi ezuva pane iyo stomata uye pamusoro pechirimwa zvacho, pachave nekushomeka kwemvura kurasikirwa kuburikidza ziya.
Mhando dzemashizha zvichienderana nenzvimbo yeiyo stomata
Sezvatambotaura, mashizha ndiwo zvikamu zvezvirimwa zvine stomata zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iwo zvikamu, pane mazuva akarongedzwa nenzira yakanyatsoita kuti vakwanise kuchinjana aya magasi nemweya. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemastata uye nenzvimbo kwavanowanikwa, zvinodaidzwa zvakasiyana.
Aya ndiwo mazita avanogamuchira zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yavo:
- Epiestomatics: Aya ndiwo mashizha ane stomata chete pachiso cheaxaxial kana bundle. Kazhinji izvi zvinomera zvinoda kuwanda kwezuva pakupera kwezuva. Ndiyo chete nzira yavanogona kuchinjanisa magasi nemhepo uye nekuita photosynthesis.
- Hypostomatic: ndiwo mashizha ane stomata chete pane abaxial kana yepasi. Aya marudzi emashizha ndiwo anonyanya kuitika mumiti yese. Uye ndezvekuti, kunyangwe paine inofungidzirwa nevakawanda, iri pasi pepasi pemashizha pane iyo stomata iyo inoshumirwa kuchinjanisa aya magasi nemweya.
- Amphiestomatic: iwo mashizha ane stomata kumativi ese maviri. Kunyangwe ivo vane stomata pamativi ese maviri, ivo vanowanzo kuve vane zvakawanda pazasi. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nezvirimwa zvemhuri ine herbaceous.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti, zvinoenderana nerudzi, nzvimbo yekuparadzira, zvisikwa, mamiriro ekunze, huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva, kunaya, nezvimwe. Pachave nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzemiti dzinogona kuchinjika kune aya mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, tinogona kucherechedza kuti kuwanda kana kuwanda kwehuwandu hwetumata yemuti inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva pamakumi mashoma kusvika kuzviuru pamamirimita mita. Iyi nhamba ye stomata inokosheswawo ne morphology yemashizha nemajini avo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve stomata uye basa ravo mumiti.