Kune chirimwa chiri pamahombekombe enzizi nemadhamu icho chave chimiro chinozivikanwa, chiri chirefu chakareba chine hunhu hwenzvimbo yekuumbwa izvo zvinowanzo kutorwa mupfungwa kana uchifungidzira nzvimbo dzine manyowa.
Chirimwa ichi ndicho typha, inozivikanwawo nemazita e Chikafu, chibharo, chidimbu chegladio kana chidimbu.
Zviratidzo
Mashizha awo ave achishandiswa kwemazana emakore kugadzira mabhasikiti, macheya nezvimwe zvinhu. Izvo zvave zvichinyanya kubatsira sechinhu chemasuru.
Iyo rhizome inodyiwa munzvimbo zhinji dzakadai seBolivia nePeru, sezvo iine huwandu hwakanyanya hwe starch, matavi manyoro anogona kudyiwa akabikwa uye mukume unoshandiswa sechikafu chinowedzera.
La typha o Katsiva yaiwanzo kutorwa sora rinomera zvisina tsarukano kumucheto kwenzvimbo dzinowanikwa mvura, semakungwa nenzizi. Zvisinei, chirimwa chakare ichi chakanaka, chinoshanduka-shanduka uye chinonyanya kubatsira zvese kuvanhu nekune zvimwe zvipenyu.
Rudzi rweichi chirimwa chine marudzi akasiyana siyana pasirese. Dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye dzine hunyoro senzvimbo dzakanyarara dzemvura yakachena, madziva, madziva, matope, migero uye migero.
Ichi chirimwa chemumvura chine herbaceous hunhu, ndiko kuti, huswa hwakasimba husingaperiInogona kusvika pamamita matatu kusvika matatu pakureba iine avhareji yemamita 2,5, iri rhizomatous stem.
Maruva acho ari monoecious, ndiko kuti, murume nemukadzi maruva pamuti mumwe chete. Ivo vane hunhu hwekupedzisira inflorescence uye ine yakasarudzika spind yemaruva akaomarara kwazvo, murume ari pamusoro uye mukadzi pazasi.
Mashizha akaenzana kana kupfuudza kukwirira kwezvikwambo. Iwo akamira, akabatana, anowanzo svikira, distal, sheathing, yakapusa, isina kukamurwa, yakati sandara, yakatambanudzwa uye yakaonda, ine yakafanana venation, ine spongy parenchyma.
Maruva acho madiki kwazvo, unisexual, actinomorphic, uye echikadzi iwo hypogynous. Maruva echirume mumakeke anosvika pakureba kusvika pamakumi mana emakumi masendimita pakureba uye 15 mm yakafara uye akapatsanurwa kubva kune echikadzi ne 0,6-5 cm.
Aya maruva anoburitsa mukume mumatetrads kana monads uye mhodzi ine starchy endosperm. Chibereko chemuti chinodonhedza uye achene mhando, ine acrid gynophore uye acrid maitiro.
Mhando typha
La typha Icho chirimwa chakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, ndosaka chiine mazita akasiyana, marudzi akati wandei uye mashandisiro akasiyana. Chii chimwe inopa yakanakisa ecosystem kune shiri uye zvipembenene, inoshanda senge mbishi yezvidendere zveshiri uye chikafu chemarudzi mazhinji.
Typha latifolia
Iyo inozivikanwawo sechigamba, chikafu, bayon cattail, rutsanga rwemata kana shungu uye mvura mace, pakati pevamwe. Iyi mhando inokura munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dzakadzikama kubva kuchamhembe hemisphere, ichikura muzhizha uye ichiitika munzvimbo dzine madota. Inogona kusvika pakukwirira kwehafu nehafu kusvika pamamita matatu uye mashizha anoyera maviri kusvika mana masendimita.
Typha angustifolia
Iyi imwe mhuka inozivikanwa nezita rakajairika re chidya, chidya uye chidya. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwehemisphere, kunyanya North America, inowanikwa muPeru neChile.
Dzinde remuti uyu rinodyiwa uye inozivikanwa kwazvo muVietnam kwavanodaidza kuti bón bón.
Typha empiregenis
Izvi uye semamwe marudzi icho herbaceous chisingaperi chirimwa, inowanikwa muNorth Hemisphere uye kunyanya munzvimbo dzine madota. Yakaunzwa kuNorth America uye inonzi subcosmopolitan.
Kuchengeta uye kurima
Paunenge uine kana uchida kuve netsika yeAnea zvakakosha kuti uzive zvimwe zvehunhu hwayo uye uteedzere mamwe matipi. Kunyangwe chiri chirimwa chisinganyurike nekuda kwehunhu hwesango, zvakakosha kuti uzive pekugara pavanobudirira zviri nyore.
Nzvimbo yeiyo typha inofanira kuitwa kunze uko inogamuchira huwandu hwakazara hwezuva. Vanofanira kudyarwa muchirimo uye kana njodzi dzechando dzisipo. Kunyangwe isiri iyo inonetsa kwazvo kana zvasvika pasi, zvakakosha zvikuru kuti ine yakanaka drainage.
Kuva chirimwa chemumvura, madhigirii emunyoro anofanirwa kutariswa. Chirimwa chemuhombekombe cherwizi chinoda kuve nehunde nyoroNekudaro, iyo mvura haigone kusvika kumashizha kana kunyangwe kwete yakawandisa. Kuisa mupfudze kunofanirwa kuitwa mumwedzi inodziya nemamineral.
Kuchekera kunofanirwa kuitwa kana inflorescence nemashizha zvaoma, kunyanya nekasi. Iyo simiti isingagadzike kuzvipukanana nezvirwere Uye inogona kumira kutonhorera kudzika kusvika pamadhigirii mana Celsius.
La typha Icho chirimwa chinomera zvoga, chinoonekwa sora uye mune mamwe matunhu epasi se muArgentina vakatoshandisa mishonga yekurapa kuti vabvise.
Sezvo chiri chirimwa chinoonekwa sechisango, hapana bhuku chairo rekurimwa kwayo, zvisinei uye nekuda kwekuti yarasikirwa nenzvimbo yakawanda nekuda kwekutemwa kwemasango, dzimwe nharaunda dzakatendeukira kudzidyara neruzivo rwakashandiswa kare.
Zvishandiso zvecattail nhasi
La typha, Anea kana Totora agara aine tsika yechinyakare uye ndizvo nemapiketi ayo matengu, fanicha inogadzirwa uye mune dzimwe nharaunda dzemuno kunyange zvikepe zvidiki.
Mhete nyoro dze Typha angustifolia Anodyiwa semuriwo uye akakwirira muayodini. Zvimwe zvakagadziriswawo mishonga inoshandiswa kudzora fivha uye manyoka.
Parizvino chinonyanya kushamisa basa remuti uyu kuramba kwawo anoxic agents, uchishandiswa mumunda wephytoremediation nechinangwa chekurapa mvura yakasviba. Kushandiswa kwayo se rinorema simbi phytoaccumulator.
Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yakashanda sechinhu chakagadzirwa kugadzira pepa kwemakore mazhinji uye chimiro chayo uye chakabatana zvikuru nenzvimbo ine hunyoro inoita chive chinhu chakakosha mukushongedza kwenzvimbo.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeTypha dzagara dziripo mumhuka dzesango, uye nekuziva kukosha kwayo kuri kuita a Chokwadi inonakidza ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza.