Wati wamboona here iyo miriwo inobuda pakati pemitsetse yevhu? Kana iwo anokura padyo nematirakiti ezvitima? Izvi zvinomera zvinokura munzvimbo dzataisazombofunga kuti ndedzechokwadi kumiriwo. Ivo ndivo vatongi uye ivo vanozivikanwa kunyanya nekugona kwavo kukura munzvimbo dzakashata kwazvo kana munzvimbo dzakaparadzwa.
Ivo zvakare vanomira mukusiyana kwavo maererano nenzvimbo dzekugara. Tinogona kuwana mhando imwechete yezvirimwa zvedunhu munzvimbo zhinji dzakasiyana pasi. Kana iwe uchifarira chidzidzo ichi uye uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve iyi inoshuvira miriwo, ini ndinokurudzira kuti uenderere mberi kuverenga.
Chii chinonzi ruderal zvirimwa?
Iwo marudhi zvirimwa zvinowanzo kuve zvehukuru hushoma izvo Ivo vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzekugara dzakashandurwa zvakanyanya nevanhu. Mienzaniso yeiyi migwagwa, madhorobha kana nzvimbo dzakasiiwa dzezvirimwa. Izwi rekuti "ruderal" rinobva kuLatin ruderis y zvinoreva "marara."
Chikamu cheiyo ruderales inogona zvakare kusarudzwa sehuswa zvinomera, pamwe nemasora nemasora. Izvi ndizvo zvinomera zvinomera musango munzvimbo inorimwa nekudzorwa nevanhu, zvakaita seminda yezvirimwa kana mapindu. Ese ari maviri maruva echinyakare uye masora ane akacherechedzwa kwazvo nitrophilic hunhu, ndiko kuti, vanogara munzvimbo dzine yakanyanya kukwirira senitrogen.
Muna 1975, ecologist John Philip Grime akatsanangura dzidziso yake nezve hupenyu hupenyu hwezvirimwa. Sekureva kwake, zvirimwa zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvemhando dzakasiyana zvinoenderana nemhinduro yavo kuzvinhu zvakasiyana zvakatipoteredza:
- Vakwikwidzi (C)
- Kushushikana mupfungwa (S)
- Ruderals (R)
Nekudaro ichi chikumbiro naJohn Philip Grime chinozivikanwa sedzidziso yeCSR. Hutsinye hunowanikwa nechisimba hunogona kuenzaniswa. Chii chimwe, zvinotsanangurwa sekugona kubudirira kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga dzakasiyana siyana dzinokonzerwa nekuparadzwa zvachose kana kusarudzika kwemiti yezvirimwa.
Ruderal hunhu
Sekureva kwechikamu chakatsanangurwa naJohn Philip Grime, zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvine zvinotevera hunhu:
- Saizi diki
- Sparse matavi
- Upfupi hupenyu hwekutenderera
- Simba rakasimba rekubereka
- Kukurumidza kukura
Nekuda kweizvi, kugoverwa kwayo kwenzvimbo kwakakura kwazvo. Zvakare, zvirimwa zvechivanhu ndezvegore kana bi-gore miriwo.
Mienzaniso yezvirimwa
Zvino zvatave kuziva izvo zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro, ticha taura nezve mimwe mienzaniso yemarudzi eboka iri.
Amaranthus palmeri
Chekutanga pane zvese isu tine iyo Amaranthus palmeri, inova chikamu chemhuri yeAmaranthaceae. Icho chirimwa chine glabrous chine simbi dzakasimba uye nematavi anokwira. Mashizha ane petiole yakareba uye mapikisi awo akaenzana. Kunyangwe iri yekuNorth America, nhasi tinogona kuiwana mukondinendi yese, Europe neAustralia.
Kunyangwe mbeu dzayo, mashizha uye madzinde ane hutano kwatiri, kune zvipfuyo mhuka chirimwa chine chepfu, sezvo mashizha acho aine nitrate. Nechikonzero ichi haina kurimwa uye inoonekwa sora rinokuvadza. Pamusoro pezvo, sora iri rinomiririra kutyisidzira kugadzirwa kweseya muArgentina nekotoni kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, nekuti munzvimbo idzodzo Amaranthus palmeri yakagadzira kuramba kwakasimba kweiyo herbicide glyphosate.
Chelidonium
Isu tinoenderera nemumwe muenzaniso weye ruderal zvirimwa: chelidonium majus, inozivikanwawo sekumedza kana yakakura celandine. Iyi isingagumi herbaceous miriwo ndeyemhuri yepoppy uye ine akapatsanurwa zvakanyanya mashizha uye asina kusimba, ane matavi mazhinji ane mashizha. Maruva ayo ari yero nepo mbeu dzakasviba uye diki.
Kana iri yekushandisa kwayo, kune akati wandei. Yakakura celandine ine zvinhu zvekuporesa iine antispasmodic, cholagogue, choleretic, sedative central nervous system, lipid-kudzikisa, hypnotic, antitussive uye analgesic mhedzisiro. Naizvozvo, inoshandiswa muzviitiko zveasima, bronchitis, chikosoro chinogumbura, nezvimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, muto wayo unokonzeresa nekudaro unoratidzwa kuvhara maronda uye kurapa chibage, warts uye mamota. Kunyange zvakadaro, huturu hwayo hwakakwirira, Naizvozvo, chirimwa ichi hachifanirwe kudyiwa choga pasina kuchisanganisa nemamwe maruva, kana muhuwandu hwakawanda.
datura stramonium
Imwe yemaruva chaiwo ndiwo datura stramonium kana muapuro wemunzwa. Iyo mhando ye angiosperm iri yeiyo genus Datura uye mhuri yeSolanaceae. Ichi chirimwa chepasi rose chine chepfu uye inokura munzvimbo dzinodziya dzakatemwa sematafura, mahombekombe erwizi, mirwi yemanyowa, marara emarara nemirwi yemarara. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti zvinobva kuMexico. Nekudaro, isu parizvino tinogona kuiwana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakadzikama pasirese.
La datura stramonium iwo mushonga wegore negore une cylindrical madzinde uye bazi rinofungidzirwa kuti ndere dichotomous. Kana ari mashizha echirimwa ichi, akasungwa uye akapinza uye ane mutsara webvudzi kumusoro. Iwo maruva emaruva awo anowanzo chena nemapendero epepuru. Pane kudaro, mbeu dzakasviba. Chibereko chehuswa hwaJimson chine ovoid uye chine vhudzi rakapfupika uye anopfuura makumi matatu makumi masere.
daucus carota
Daucus carota, yemhuri yeapiyaceae, zvakare chirimwa chisina hunhu. Chokwadi tese tinochiziva, asi nerimwe zita: Karoti. Mukati memhuri yako ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye iyo ine yakanyanya kudyiwa. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti yakasimwa muhuwandu hwakawanda pamudzi wayo weorenji. Ichi chirimwa chemakore maviri chinogadzira rosette yemashizha mune ese matsutso uye echando, ichiri kugadzira yakanaka napiform midzi. Chinangwa chemudzi ndechekuchengetedza shuga muhuwandu hwakawanda kuitira kuti muriwo utumbuke gore rinotevera.
Kunyangwe zvirimwa zvekudyara zvinogona kukuvadza hutano, zvichinetsa zvirimwa uye zvisingadiwe muminda yedu, iwo miriwo ine hunyanzvi hunoshamisa hwekupona, tisingataure kukosha kwavanogona kuve napo padanho rezvakatipoteredza. Mukupedzisira, zvese zvakabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe uye isu tinofanirwa kuyedza kuchengetedza iyo yakasarudzika zvinhu, kana zvirinani kwete kuramba tichikanganisa nazvo nekutsakatika kwezvose zvipfuyo nemiti yemiti kana kuparadzwa kwezvisikwa.