El white mold Chirwere chinokonzerwa nefungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) naBary. Utachiona uhu hwakatekeshera pasi rose uye hunobata marudzi mazhinji. Inowanikwa kunyanya munzvimbo dzine tembiricha ine mwero uye hunyoro hwakanyanya, sekuchamhembe kweSpain. Zvinoonekwa muzvirimwa zvakawanda zvichikonzera kuderera kukuru kwegoho uye kunaka kwegoho, kunyanya munguva yezhizha uye matsutso.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti ungabvisa sei mold chena kubva mumiti uye chii chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho kuita kudaro.
Hupenyu hupenyu
Iyo howa Sclerotinia sclerotiorum inosanganisirwa muAscomycete fungi uye inoumba yakakurumbira white mold. Hupenyu hwavo hutenderedzwa hunosanganisira asexual nhanho uye nhanho yepabonde ine basa guru rekuparadzira zvirwere. Muchikamu cheasexual, sclerotia inomera pasi pemamiriro ehunyoro hwepamusoro uye tembiricha iri pakati nepakati, ichigadzira mycelium yakaita donje. Kazhinji inopinda muzvirimwa kuburikidza nemaronda kana maburi muvhu. Iyo fungus inokura pachirimwa chine utachiona uye inoburitsa new sclerotia, izvo zviri nyore kuwira pasi uye kutanga kutenderera zvakare. Sclerotia inoumbwa nenhamba huru yehyphae inogona kurarama muvhu kwemakore akati wandei uye ndiyo nzira huru yekutapurirana kwechirwere.
Hupenyu hwepabonde hunotangawo ne sclerotia. Pavari, zvimiro zvinonzi apothecia inokura, iyo imba iyo asci ine ascospores. Izvi zvinopeperetswa zviri nyore nemhepo uye zvinoiswa munhengo dzakasiyana dzechirimwa. Ascospores inomera uye hutachiona hunoitika nekukurumidza, uye senescent zvikamu zvezvirimwa, kufanana nemaruva akaoma, anotapukirwa zvikuru. Kubva pano, fungus inokura uye inokanganisa dzimwe nhengo dzechirimwa uye inogadzira donje chena-senge mycelium. Sclerotia inoumba pa mycelium uye inogona kuwira pasi nyore nyore, kutanga kutenderera kwese zvakare.
Sei mold chena ichimera pamiti?
Mold ifungus inoumbwa netupukanana tunogara pamhuka kana zvirimwa, saka kana ikapararira nemhepo, mvura, kana tumbuyu, inogona kumera paivhu, chikafu, kana kumwewo. Kuti ukure nekuberekana, mold inoda nharaunda ine unyoro uye organic matter. Naizvozvo, muzvirimwa zvako, kunyorova, kudziya uye kunyorova mamiriro ezvinhu, sekudiridza zvakanyanya kana mapoto asina kunyorova, anofarira kukura kwawo. Maererano nenyanzvi dzekurima, zvirimwa zvemukati zvinowanzoita mold kupfuura zvirimwa zvekunze nekuda kwemhepo, asi uyu hausi iwo mutemo.
White mold pazvirimwa inowanzoonekwa munzvimbo inodziya, ine hunyoro. kunyanya kana zvirimwa zvakawandisa. Kazhinji zviri nyore kuziva kana ichinge yaonekwa pamashizha ezvirimwa zvedu, ichiita semakwapa machena ane fluffy. Panyaya yevhu, inogonawo kuonekwa semapukisi machena, asi zviri nyore kuivhiringidza nemararamiro eraimu kana munyu.
Mavara e lime kana munyu anoonekwa nekuda kwemadiridziro nekuti zvikamu zvemvura inenge yaungana muvhu. Kusiyana nekuumbwa, izvi zvakasara zvinowanzooma, zvichibvumira kuti zvibviswe. Mold inogona kuoneka ivhu nokuti rinopararira mu substrate yose, dzimwe nguva anopinda mapoto nemashizha.
Chirwere chemashizha, kunze kwekuonekwa nekuonekwa kwemavara machena nemvere dzakadzika, zvinogona kuperekedzwa nemashizha akafa uye madzinde akaunyana. Zvirimwa zvinogona kufa zvachose kana zvikasarapwa.
Nzira yekubvisa sei white mold kubva kumiti
Ngationei nhanho nhanho nzira yekubvisa chena mold kubva muzvirimwa:
Bvisa musara wewhite mold
Chinhu chekutanga ndechekuparadzanisa chirimwa, sezvo mold (spores yayo) inogona kukurumidza kupararira kune dzimwe hari. Munzvimbo ine mhepo inofefetera, tora chirimwa kubva mupoto kuti uongorore dambudziko, uye tarisa midzi yaro: kana ukawana midzi yakapfava kana yakaora, icheke.
Zvino, uchibatsirwa nefoshoro yebindu kana reki, unofanira kubvisa 6 kusvika 10 cm yevhu rekutanga, ivhu repamusoro-soro, wotsiva kukura kwechirimwa nevhu idzva. Uhu hunyengeri hudiki huchakwana kana mold ikasagara pachirimwa kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, kana zvisiri izvo uye fungus yakakwanisa kusvika pakadzika, kana kumuka zvakare mushure memavhiki mashoma, isu tinofanirwa kutsiva ivhu rese muhari uye kudzorera zvirimwa zvevatinoda hupenyu.
Nokuda kweizvi, zviri nyore kushandisa substrate yakanaka kana organic compost, kunyanya kune zvirimwa, sezvo isu tichaziva kuti mvura ichave yakanaka. Izvo zvatinoda kuti mvura irege kuunganidza uye mold inofadza irege kubuda zvakare!
Imwe matipi ndeyekuwedzera perlite kana gadheni matombo, anogona kurerutsa ivhu uye kudzivirira kubva compacting, sezvatakareva patakataura nezve yakanakisa substrate ye cacti uye succulents. Imwe yeidzi sarudzo mbiri inogona kuvandudza drainage. Isu tinogona kuvhara pamusoro pehari nedhiri remabhora evhu akawedzera, iyo inodzora unyoro uye inodzivirira mold kubva pakudzoka zvakare.
Geza hari nesipo nesoda
Tinodawo kuchenesa hari nemapani nesipo yendiro (chinochenesawo), kasoda yekubikisa, nemvura. Vana mbuya vaive vakarurama: pasoda yakaita sedota rakareruka rinobatsira kubvisa chakuvhe muhari zvakanaka.
Sezvinonzi dzimwe nguva, kubika soda hairwise fungus, asi yakanaka kwazvo dehydrator inobvisa unyoro kubva panzvimbo (chaizvo izvo fungus inoda). Rega hari yakaoma zvachose isati yazadza nevhu idzva.
Geza mashizha zvakanaka
Zvadaro, mashizha akabatwa anofanira kushambidzwa nemvura uye ozoomeswa nepepa rekicheni, rimwe pashizha kudzivirira kupararira kwe mold. Zvakare, bvisa kana kutema mashizha akakuvara kana akafa.
Kuti kuchenesa uku kuwedzere kushanda, tinogona kushandisa eco-fungicide, kana kuzviita isu pachedu kumba: nekuda kweizvi tinoda chipunu chesoda (nekuda kwezvikonzero zvimwechete zvatakambotaura), hafu yepaspuni yesipo yemvura, chipunu chemafuta ehorticultural (sezvatinozviwana mumakireshi kana kubva pano) uye hafu yerita yemvura. Hatina kusvetuka mafuta nekuti, mukuwedzera kune ayo antifungal maitiro, inobatsira musanganiswa kunamatira zvakanaka kune fungus.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekubvisa chena mold kubva kumiti.