Mukati memhuri yemaranjisi, muti weorenji pasina mubvunzo ndiwo muti wemichero unonyanya kufarirwa, pamwe chete nemuti weremoni. Kugadzirwa kwemuriwo uyu kunogona kunge kwakawanda kwazvo, chero bedzi mamiriro acho akakodzera. Kana iri michero yawo, maranjisi, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose, kungava kubika, kugadzira muto, kuadya sezvaari uye pakubika. Chimiro chemuchero uyu wecitrus chakasimba uye Nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvakakwanisa kugadzira mahybrids, zvipembenene zveorenji zvine dambudziko sezvo yawedzera kuramba.
Zvisinei, zvipembenene zvemuti weorenji zvinoramba zviripo uye hazvinei kuti zvinoshingirira sei, pane imwe nguva inogona kukanganiswa. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti zvipembenene zvipi zvinogona kukanganisa muchero uyu wecitrus, kuti ungazviona sei uye kuti ndeupi kurapa kunoratidzwa mune imwe neimwe nyaya. Saka kana iwe uri kufunga nezvekurima miti yemaranjisi kana iwe uchitova nemichero yemichero iyi, ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Zvipembenene zvakanyanya zvemuti weorenji
Tisati tataura pamusoro pezvipembenene zvemuti weorenji, isu tinotanga kutsanangura chaizvo izvo zvinonzi chipembenene mukurima. Naizvo, izwi iri rinoreva zvese zviya zvidiki, mhuka nezvinomera zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa zvirimwa. Kuti zvipembenene zvikure, zvinoda nzvimbo yakavimbika, yakanyanyonangana yezvokudya. Kazhinji, zviyero zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera goho remuriwo muminda yakarimwa zvinogadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yezvipembenene. Matanho aya kazhinji ndeaya anotevera:
- Monocultures yemarudzi ane kugadzirwa kwakakwirira.
- Kushandisa fetereza.
- Kuderedza kana kubviswa kwevhu rakazorora kurima kwakawanda.
Paunenge uchitaura nezvezvipembenene zvemuti wemaranjisi, zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye thrips, whitefly, aphid uye ma citrus miners. Zvadaro tichazotaura pamusoro pavo vose uye nzira yekurwisana nayo. Gare gare tichatsinhira zvishoma denda remealybugs, iro rinonyanya kuitika kupfuura mamwe ose.
Mafambiro
Chekutanga tine mathrips. Idzi tumbuyu twudiki twunowanzo kanganisa zvirimwa. Mhedzisiro yakashata yavanoita pamuti weorenji inosimbiswa mumichero, kureva, mumaranjisi, pavanenge vari muchikamu chekukura chakazara. Nezve nzvimbo yakatarisa, iyi iri pacalyx, kureva, pamusoro peorenji. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nyaya dzepamusoro, migumisiro yakaipa inogona kuonekwa mukati mechimiro.
Sezvatakambotaura kare, thrips chipembenene chinowanzoitika mumhando dzose dzecitrus. Izvi zvipembenene zviduku zvinogara mumaruva emiti, uko hazvikonzeri kukanganisa kunooneka. Vanotanga kurwisa mushure mekunge petals yadonha, Ipapo ndipo patinofanira kungwarira uye kunyatsoteerera kuti tiongorore mamiriro ayo zvirimwa zviri.
Kuti tibvise thrips tinofanira shandisa mushonga chaiwo inoratidzirwa kurudzi urwu. Chokwadi, zvinokosha zvikuru kuti tifunge nezvenguva yakakodzera yokuishandisa, kuti tisakuvadza mamwe utachiona.
Nhunzi chena
Chimwe chezvipembenene zvinowanzoitika zvinowanzobata muti weorenji ndeye white fly, iyo inoshandukawo kuva imwe yezvinonyanya kunetseka. Haisi nekuda kwewhitefly pachayo kuti idenda rinotyisa, asi nekuti inobatsira zvikuru kuonekwa kwechirwere chefungal chinozivikanwa se "ushingi". Pamusoro pezvo, inokwezva zvimwe zvipembenene, senge mealybugs. Naizvozvo, kurapwa kwekutanga kuchave kwakakosha kune muti weorenji.
Ndiyo nhunzi huru inoburitsa chiitiko chikuru, icho chine kugadzirwa kwechinhu chinonzi huchi kuseri kweshizha. Nzira iri nyore yekuziva nayo denda iri ndeyokutarisa maitiro emajuru ari pamuti, sezvo achikwezvwa zvakaenzana kumolasses.
Kune mamwe marapirwo echisikigo atinogona kushandisa ese kuti abvise uye kudzivirira denda rewhitefly. Kune rumwe rutivi tinogona kugeza muriwo nesipo yakapfava, kana yatokanganiswa. Imwe pfungwa yekurapa uye kudzivirira chipembenene ichi dyara miriwo inodzinga zvirimwa munzvimbo dzakatenderedza, dzakadai se calendula. Kana marapirwo echisikigo asina kukwana, isu tichagara tine sarudzo yekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene, kana zvichibvira ecological.
Nguruve
Aphid zvakare chikamu chezvipembenene zveorenji zvakajairika. Tupukanana twudiki twunomiririra mhuri inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinenge ina dzacho dzinonyanya kuwanikwa pazvirimwa zvemaranjisi. Zvakafanana newhiteflies, maaphid anogadzirawo huchi pamashizha. Vanogadzira masisitimu aya kuburikidza nekusveta muto, pavanenge vachidya. Naizvozvo tinogona kufunga kuti ivo vanofambisawo kutaridzika kwehushingi uye zvimwe zvipembenene, senge mealybugs.
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira kuonekwa kweaphid. Zvinonyanya kukosha kudzivirira maronda kubva pakusikwa pamiti. Naizvozvo, tinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuchekerera zvinyoro uye chete izvo zvinodiwa. Imwe nzira yekudzivirira ichi chipembenene, inonyanya kushanda, ndeye nevavengi venyama veaphid. Nekudaro, kana denda racho rakakura zvakanyanya uye kukuvara kusingagone kudzora, biological action ndiyo inonyanya kukurudzirwa. Ehe, chero zvingave zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwebiological kana makemikari zvigadzirwa kunofanirwa kugara kwakanyatso kudzorwa uye kushandisa chete izvo zvinotenderwa nemasangano anotarisira.
Mucheri weCitrus
Hatikwanise kukanganwa mugonye wecitrus fruit miner. Makonye ayo anopinda nechisimba mashizha ecitrus, achigadzira tunnels asina kudzika uye achidya paari. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, chipembenene ichi chinowanikwa zvakanyanya mumichero yecitrus, semiti yeorenji, miti yemaremoni, nezvimwe. kupfuura mune zvimwe zvinomera, asi zvinogonawo kuonekwa mumiti ine hukama hwepedyo, senge calamondine y kumquats.
Kune zvimwe zvipembenene zvemhando yeshizha zvinorwisa zvirimwa, zvirimwa nesora, asi zvinonyanya kukanganisa madzinde nemichero yemuriwo. Sezvineiwo, chicherwa chemashizha chete chinopinza mumashizha ecitrus chicherwa chemashizha ecitrus.
Nzira yekurapa cochineal mumiti yeorenji?
Pakati pezvipembenene zvese zvemuti weorenji, ribbed mealybug ndiyo inowanzoitika. Iparasite inodya zvirimwa, zvichikonzera kukanganisa mumashizha uye chlorosis, kunyange kuomesa matavi ane utachiona pane dzimwe nguva. Pamusoro pezvo, kurasikirwa kwesap kunotambura nechirimwa chakakanganisika kunogona kukuvadza kubereka kwayo uye kukura. Inofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti mealybugs, kuva suckers, Vanokwanisa kutapurira mavhairasi kumuriwo nekuaruma.
Sezvakaita maaphid uye whiteflies, mealybugs zvakare vanobudisa molasses. Chinhu ichi chinokwezva masvosve uye chinokurudzira kutaridzika kwechitema. Panguva ino, tinogona kushandisa copper-based fungicide kurwisa chirwere chefungal ichi.
Kana zvasvika pakudzora cochineal, kana chimwe chipembenene chinogona kukanganisa zvirimwa zvedu, zviri nani kusiya mishonga yezvipembenene senzira yekupedzisira, Izvo zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza uye kune hutano. Mukuwedzera, mukufamba kwenguva zvinogoneka kuti isu tinokonzera zvinopesana, sezvo mhuka dzinobatsira dzemhoteredzo dzaizobviswa.
Kana isu tine rombo rakanaka uye nzvimbo ine hutachiona haina kupararira zvakanyanya, Tinogona kubvisa macochineals nemaoko kana nemvura yakamanikidzwa. Chinhu chakanakisa chatinogona kuita kuchekerera izvo zvikamu zvemiriwo zvinonyanya kukanganiswa uye kurerutsa korona zvishoma. Nenzira iyi, zvipembenene zvakanyanya kusadzivirirwa pamamiriro ekunze.
Panewo mukana wekurapa chipembenene ichi ne potassium sipo yakanatswa 2% mumvura. Mushonga unouraya zvipembenene usingakuvadze vanhu. Nekurapa uku isu hatizongorwisa denda chete, asi isu tichachenesawo masara emolasses, nokudaro kudzivirira kutaridzika kwevatema.
Natural predator: Rhodolia cardinalis
Zvinenge zvisingabviri kubvisa zvachose ribbed mealybug. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kuedza kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu huchidzorwa, zvakanyanya pazasi peyero iyo kukuvara kunokuvadza. Kushandisa nzira dzekudzora zvipenyu zvinowanzoshanda zvakanyanya. Panyaya yedenda iri, pane chikara chinodya mhuka iyi chete. Zvinodanwa Rhodolia cardinalis uye, pasinei nokuti yakabva kuAustralia, nhasi ishamwari yepasi rose mukurima kwecitrus. Parizvino tinogona kuwana ichi chikara chechisikigo checochineal munzvimbo dzine nguva yechando. Zvisinei, pane mukana wekuitenga.
Ibete rine hurefu hunosvika mamirimita matatu. Yakada kufanana neseven-spot ladybug, asi idiki muhukuru uye ine mavara matema uye matsvuku pane mavara. Rhodalia cardinalis Iine mbereko inoshamisa, inokwanisa kuva nezvizvarwa zvitanhatu. Inodyisa mealybugs mukati mehupenyu hwavo hwese, nokudaro ichiva chikara chinoparadza chemhando iyi. The chete drawback kana kuwana ichi chipembenene ndechokuti haishiviriri munguva yechando yakaoma.
Muchiitiko chatinosarudza kusuma Rhodolia cardinalis muzvirimwa zvedu tinofanira kudzivisa kuvapo kwemajuru akawanda uyewo kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakawanda, nekuti vese vaizopedzisira nebete iri.
Tichifunga nezvese zvatichangobva kudzidza nezvezvipembenene zveorenji, isu tave kukwanisa kuziva nekurapa vakasiyana-siyana vanorwisa, kunyange kuvadzivirira. Yeuka kuti zvakakosha kutarisa uye kutarisa zvirimwa kuti uone chero pathology nekukurumidza uye kuisa mhinduro kwairi.