Xa ukhula umthi omncinci kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukhethe omnye ovumela iingcambu ukuba zingeniswe ioksijini efanelekileyo, kodwa zikwacofa kwaye zihluze amanzi ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye kukuba xa zikumhlaba osezingeni eliphantsi, ayizukukhula kakuhle kuphela, kodwa iya kuba sesichengeni sokusuleleka kwaye ihlaselwe zizinambuzane ezinje ngee-aphids okanye i-mealybugs.
Ngesi sizathu, ukuba ufuna ukuba isityalo sakho silunge, siza kukuxelela indlela yokukhetha ii-substrates ezilungileyo zebhonsai. Ke, ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe ube nexhala.
- 🌳 I-substrate ekhethekileyo yebhonsai yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle, yenziwe yi-Blonde Peat, iPeat emnyama, iSanti, iGravel yeVolcanic kunye nesichumisi seNP
- 🌳 Umxube wenzelwe naluphi na uhlobo lweBonsai, Omono, chumono, komono, shohin, mame ,, chito, colcan, moyogui, hachi-uye
- 🌳 I-substrate ekhethekileyo ye-Bonsai ibonelela ngendlela yokukhula egcina umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wamanzi kunye nezondlo zolu hlobo lwezityalo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, zibonelela nge-aeration echanekileyo kunye ne-drainage.
- Ilungele ukubonelela ngendawo ekhulayo egcina umlinganiso ochanekileyo wamanzi kunye nezondlo.
- Ukubonelela nge-aeration eyaneleyo.
- Ukubonelela ngomsele ofanelekileyo.
- Umhlaba wokubumba ibhonsai utyebile ngokwendalo kwizondlo ezithile zebhonsai, eziqinisekisa isondlo esipheleleyo kwiziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwasekuqaleni.
- Ngomgangatho wayo ophezulu, i-Kalapanta bonsai substrate iqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi angaphezulu kwaye igcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubeka engozini ukungena kweengcambu.
- Isondlo esinokulinganisela kunye nobukho bee-aggregates zendalo sisiseko sempilo yebhonsai, lo mhlaba unikeza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokubonakala kweengcambu ezintsha eziphilileyo emva kokutshintshwa.
- 🌳 Ciemhus substrate elungiselelwe ngokukodwa ibhonsai yakho
- 🌿 Inkqutyana yokulima. Hlanganisa i-substrate kunye ne-1 G / L ye-NPK 14-16-18 isichumisi
- 🌱 Ilungele zombini ukufakelwa kwebhonsai yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Siyabulela kwiimpawu zayo zomzimba, apho sibonelela nge-aeration efunekayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi, siya kubonelela ngeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokukhula yebhonsai yakho.
- Into eyomileyo: 95%; Izinto eziphilayo: 4%; Ukugcinwa kwamanzi: 250-300 ml / L
- IPH: 6.5-7.0; Umthamo: 1L; Ubuncinci / ubukhulu beGranule: 2-6mm
- I-AKADAMA: Ilungele i-bonsai, yi-100% yobumba baseJapan kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-micropores, onika amandla amakhulu okugcina amanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwezondlo. Isakhiwo sayo se-granular siququzelela i-oxygenation, i-drainage kunye nophuhliso lweengcambu ze-bonsai. Iyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivumela ukuba ixesha phakathi kokutshintshwa kwandiswe.
Ukhetho lwee-substrates zebhonsai
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemiqatha ephantsi ye-bonsai. Ukwazi iimpawu zayo kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kuphela kwendlela yokwenza ukuba isityalo sikhule sisempilweni. Ke, masibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba esinokuwusebenzisa kumthi wethu omncinci:
akadama
I-Akadama yi-substrate ye-bonsai ngokugqwesa. Ngudongwe lwegranular oluvela kwiintaba-mlilo zaseJapan. Inomdla kakhulu, kuba ifunxa ukufuma nomgquba okanye isichumiso ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ivumela umoya ukuba ujikeleze ngesiqhelo phakathi kweenkozo zawo.
Ukongeza, inenzuzo yokuba uyazi kakuhle xa yomile naxa imanzi, kuba xa unkcenkceshela ifumana umbala omdaka ngebala omdaka ngombala omdaka bukhrim xa womile. I-pH iphakathi kuka-6.5 no-6.9, ke ilungele ii-elms, imithi yeminquma, i-ficus, ... nkqu nakwiimephu zaseJapan. Ingasetyenziselwa yodwa okanye ixutywe nezinye izinto ezingaphantsi.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:
- Ingqolowa esemgangathweni: iinkozo ziphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-6 yeemilimitha ubukhulu.
- Iinkozo Shohin: iinkozo ziphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-4 yeemilimitha ubukhulu.
- Irhabaxa erhabaxa: iinkozo ziphakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-11 yeemilimitha ubukhulu.
Yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo yebhonsai? Ewe, kuyaxhomekeka. Kodwa kuyinyani oko Akucetyiswa ukuba uthenge i-akadamas ezixineneyo kune-6mm, kuba ngobo bunzima kunzima ukuba iingcambu zingcambu. Umzekelo, oku kunokukunceda ukhule ibhonsai yakho ngamandla:
Ipomx
I-pomx lilitye elingenantaba-mlilo, elenziwa xa i-magma ipholile ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwisiqina. Inobuninzi obuphantsi, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba idada emanzini, kwaye enyanisweni kunzima ukuwufunxa. Kodwa ivumela iingcambu ukuba zikwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle, ke kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ibonsai ikhule kwindawo ezinemvula okanye ezinemvula kakhulu.
Ewe iphantse ayaze isetyenziswe yodwa, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yoko kuxoxwe ngasentla. Ukuba ufuna ukuba nesityalo esisempilweni, Kufuneka ixutywe kunye nomnye umgca ogcina amanzi, njenge-akadama okanye kanuma.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani beenkozo:
- 1 ukuya kwi-3mm: ilungele ngokukodwa ii-conifers kunye nezityalo ezineengcambu ezibuthathaka.
- 3 ukuya kwi-6mm: zilungele zonke iintlobo zezityalo.
- 6 ukuya kwi-14mm: inkulu kakhulu kwi-bonsai.
Thenga apha:
kanuma
I-Kanuma iludongwe, ikwayi-granular, evela eJapan. Inempawu ezifanayo nezo ze-akadama, kodwa ilula kwaye ine-pH esezantsi (6.0).
Azinazondlo, nangona kwelinye icala kufuneka kuthethwe njalo igcina amanzi ngaphandle kwengxaki kunye nomgquba / isichumiso. Ngezi zizathu, sisiqwengana esifanelekileyo sezityalo ezineasidi, ezinje nge-azaleas, gardenias, njl., Ngaphandle kokuba ixutywe ne-akadama.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani beenkozo:
- Iinkozo ezincinci: ezinokuba ziimilimitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-5, okanye iimilimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5.
- Iinkozo eziphakathi: ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-6,5 iimilimitha.
Nokuba bobabini banokumangaliswa kakhulu, nangona sicebisa ingqolowa encinci ukuba ukhulisa izityalo ezineasidi kwimimandla enje ngeMeditera, kuba yile ndlela uza kuphumelela ngayo ukukhula ngokukuko.
Sukuphoswa yiyo:
UKeto
I-Keto ngumxube we-pasty owenziwe nge-akadama okanye umgubo wodongwe, i-peat emnyama, i-Canada sphagnum (agar-agar), kunye namanzi. Isetyenziselwa ukukhula kwemithi kwiindawo ezinzima, ezinje ngebhonsai enesimbo samahlathi eslabhini, okanye umoya ovuthuza amatye, njengoko ihlala incanyathiselwe kwezo ndawo.
Uyayifuna? Yifumane apha:
kiryuzuna
I-Kiruzuna yi-zeolite eqokelelwa kwiintaba zaseJapan. Luhlobo lwegrabile yentaba-mlilo enemibala emdaka ngombala kunaleyo ka-akadama kwaye i-pH yayo iphakathi ko-6.5 no-6.8.
Yenye yeebhonsai ezimbalwa ezinezakha mzimba, kodwa azonelanga kwizityaloKe umrhumo ubalulekile. Ukongeza, akufuneki isetyenziswe yodwa; kungcono uyixube ne-akadama.
Nangona kunjalo, Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yenziweI-silicon (16,84%), i-aluminium (14,52%), i-magnesium (0,10%), i-iron (0,83%), i-calcium (8,47%), i-titanium (0,10%), i-carbon (3,58%), i-manganese (0,01%), isodiyam (1,52%), i-potassium (0,11%), i-phosphorus (0,09%). Ikwanayo neepesenti ezingama-53 ioksijini.
Ngokunjalo, kukho intetho eyahlukileyo:
- Iinkozo ezincinci: phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 millimeters ubukhulu.
- Iinkozo eziphakathi: phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-6 millimeters ubukhulu.
- Irhabaxa erhabaxa: phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-12 millimeters ubukhulu.
Eyona nto icetyiswayo ngebhonsai yile:
nja-
I-Peat lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwindawo yokukhulisa. Ziyabola izixhobo zezityalo, kwaye iimpawu zazo zinomdla kakhulu, ukusukela igcina ukufuma, ikhupha amanzi kakuhle kwaye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ukuba ngumhlwa.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi:
- Ipeat emnyamai-pH yayo iphakathi kwe-7.5 kunye ne-8, ke isetyenziswa kuphela kwizityalo ezikhula kakuhle kuloo mihlaba, njengeminquma, imithi yeminquma yasendle, iialmondi, imithi yeziqhamo ngokubanzi, ii-conifers ezininzi ezinjenge-cypresses, kunye nokuhombisa imithi efana ne-acacias, eucalyptus, robinias, njl. Ihlala ixutywe nezichumiso, ithengiswa njenge-substrate yendalo iphela.
- Ipeat ebomvui-pH yayo iphakathi kwe-3 ne-4, ke isetyenziselwa izityalo ezine-acidophilic, ezinje ngemephu zaseJapan okanye i-azaleas umzekelo.
Ungathenga i-peat emnyama edibeneyo apha:
Kwaye peat moss apha:
iterrabonsai
Ngumxube we-blond peat, i-volcanic gravel kunye ne-akadama abayenzayo kwi-Mistral Bonsai. Zombini amandla ayo okugcina amanzi kunye nezichumisi zilungile, kwaye inokusetyenziselwa naluphi na uhlobo lomthi.
Uyayifuna? Thenga apha:
Imigca elungisiweyo elungisiweyo
Nge »substrates ezilungiselelwe» sibhekisa kwezi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezikulungele ukusetyenziswa. Ziqulathe iintlobo ezimbini nangaphezulu zeendawana ezixutywe ngemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ogcina ukufuma, onika umoya ofanelekileyo kwiingcambu, kwaye uqinisekise umsele ofanelekileyo.
Zihlala zithengiswa ngeengxowa ezincinci, iilitha ezi-5, ngamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu.
Umzekelo, une:
imfazwe
ICompo Sana
Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
UFlortis
Uyenza njani i-substrate elungileyo yebhonsai?
Ngoku ukuba uyazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemiqolo ephantsi, lixesha lokuba uqhubekele kwinxalenye esebenzayo: ukwenza umxube ogqibeleleyo wohlobo lwebhonsai onayo:
- IConifers: ukuba unayo ipayini, i-spruce, i-cypress okanye enye, umxube olungileyo kubo yile ilandelayo: 60% akadama ene-40% kiryuzuna.
- Imithi yeziqhamo:
- I-Citrus: ukuba yi-orenji, i-mandarin, umthi welamuni, okanye okufanayo, xuba i-60% ye-akadama kunye ne-40% kanuma.
- Abanye: ukuba ngokuchaseneyo ngumthi womkhiwane, umthi weamangile okanye enye, ungasebenzisa i-70% ye-akadama exutywe ne-40% yepumice.
- Izityalo zeasidi: i-azaleas, i-camelas, imephu zaseJapan, njl.
- Izityalo zendaloUkuba wenza i-bonsai yoluhlobo kwindawo yakho, ungasebenzisa i-substrate ye-bonsai yalo naluphi na uphawu.
Ngaba inkunkuma yekati ingasetyenziselwa ibhonsai?
Ukuba unayo okanye unayo iikati, uya kwazi ukuba inkunkuma abayisebenzisayo ingabiza kakhulu kuneebonsai substrates. Kodwa inyani kukuba inyani ayinjalo. I-Sepiolite, udongwe olunamandla amakhulu okufunxa ulwelo, inokuhlala ixesha elide, nangaphezu kwe-akadama.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuwasebenzisa, kufuneka uqale uwuhluze, ukuze kwingxowa ye-5kg usenayo i-1 okanye i-1.5kg ... eyoneleyo yeebhonsai ezimbalwa, emva koko uyibeke kwibhakethi elinamanzi kangangesiqingatha Iyure (ukuba inde, ingcono). Kwimeko apho ihlala ikwimo yegranular yayo, igqibelele, kodwa ukuba iba yipasti awuyi kuba nakho ukuyisebenzisa.
Uphi ukuthenga i-substrates ye-bonsai?
Ngaba uza kuthenga ii-substrates zebhonsai yakho? Ukuba kunjalo, ungayenza ukusuka apha:
Amazon
Indawo elungileyo yokuthenga ii-substrates ikwiAmazon. Apha unokufumana zonke iintlobo esele sizichazile apha ngasentla, ezinje nge-akadama, kanuma okanye kiryuzuna, kwaye uya kuba nakho ukwazi uluvo lwabanye abathengi. Kufuneka ukhethe enye kwaye uyihlawule. Into eseleyo kukuyilinda ukuba ihanjiswe endlwini yakho ngosuku okanye ezimbini.
ULoyoy Merlin
Kwi-Leroy Merlin bathengisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-substrates, kwaye unokuzifumanela i-bonsai. Icala elisezantsi lelo kwiwebhusayithi yabo abavumeli abanye abathengi ukuba babhale izimvo zabo yeemveliso abazithengayo.
Ngaba ufumene i-bonsai substrate oyifunayo?