El isingesi graft Yindlela yokusasazwa kwezityalo ezenziweyo zezityalo apho inxalenye yesihlunu sesityalo idibana nenye esele imisiwe ukuze zombini zikhule njengento enye. I-Grafting isetyenziswa ekusasazeni imifuno ehonjisiweyo kunye neziqhamo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kwiindawo zokurhweba kunye nabalimi abancinci abafuna ukuba nemithi yabo yeziqhamo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuxhunyelelwa, kuquka nesiNgesi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela indlela i-graft yesiNgesi eyenziwa ngayo, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye luncedo.
Yintoni i-graft yesiNgesi
Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yezorhwebo, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukufumana imizekelo echasene nezifo. Ukukhangela isiphunzi sengcambu esixhathisayo kwiindawo apho iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic zikhona emhlabeni, kwaye ekubeni iinxalenye ezihlonyelweyo azidibanisi nazo, kunokwenzeka ukukhulisa iindidi ezinokuthi zibe nzima kwaye zibiza. I-graft yesiNgesi inconywa ngenxa yezizathu zesondlo, ukuzala, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwemijikelo yezityalo okanye ukukhangela i-dwarfism ye-specimens.
Sinokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhunyelelwa eBritane, njengama-grafts aqhekezayo okanye ama-bud grafts. Kodwa kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngesiNgesi okanye i-graft yengcongolo. Kulula ukwenza kwaye iziphumo ziphantse zaqinisekiswa.
Yenziwa njani i-graft yesiNgesi
Ukwenza uthelekiso olulula kukudibanisa i-pick kunye nepateni njengokungathi iibhubhu ezimbini, ngoko ke kufuneka zibe nobukhulu obufanayo, ngaphandle koko akukho nto yokuzama. bucala ngasekhohlo kulula kakhulu ukwenza i-graft, mhlawumbi akuyondlwan’ iyanetha njengokuxhuzulelwa okwahlulahlula, kwaye ngokufuthi kuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ukuba kwenziwe kakuhle. Kwi-graft yesiNgesi, iifom ezintathu esiza kuzibona ngezantsi ziyakwazi ukwahlula, nangona zinobudlelwane obuncinane omnye komnye, ekubeni xa ukusika okuhlukeneyo kwenziwa, ezinye zikhuselekile kunabanye.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-graft yesiNgesi ngokokulula kwazo ukulungiselela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle:
Senzlo
Ngumsebenzi ofuna ukusetyenziswa kancinci kwemela, kodwa kunzima ngakumbi ukukhusela kuba kukho intshukumo eninzi phakathi kwamaqela amabini abandakanyekayo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba iyasebenza, amanxeba phakathi komlomo kunye nepateni phantse azibonakali. Emva kwexesha elithile, kufuneka uhlawule ingqwalasela kwinqanaba le-trunk apho i-graft ifunyenwe khona.
Yenziwe ngaphandle kweengxaki. I-pickup kunye nepateni zisikwe ngee-bevels zobude obulinganayo kwaye zombini ukusika kuhambelana. Ukuba azihambelani ncam, zama ukuqiniseka ukuba amaxolo aqholiweyo kunye namaxolo asemgangathweni agungxulwa ubuncinane kwicala elinye.
eqhelekileyo
Olu lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo lwegrafti yesiNgesi kuba inika uxhulumaniso olunamandla kakhulu oluvumela ibhondi eyomeleleyo engenazo iindawo ezihambayo. Ukwenza oku, uqala ukwenza i-bevel cut, njengohlobo lwangaphambili. Umahluko ngamanye amabini amatsha amatsha, enye ekukhetheni kwaye enye kwipateni. Ukhuni lucandeke ngokungathi lwenzelwe ukuxhunyelelwa okucazululiweyo, kodwa umahluko kukuba ukusika kugobile.
Ekugqibeleni, bopha ngeteyiphu yokuxhunyelelwa okanye irafi ukuze iqine kakhulu. Eli lelona nyathelo linzima kuba, njengoko sele sichazile, i-pick ihamba ngokulula ngokumalunga nomzekelo. Kwincopho, amagophe akwicala elinye kwaye akwipateni kwelinye icala ukuze ahambelane xa uwajongile. Ezi ndawo ke zipakishwe kwaye zifakwe kwelinye icala kunye nelinye icala ukwenza amaphiko. Nje ukuba ifakwe, oku kuhlonyelwa kufuna ukubotshwa okuncinci, nangona isanconywa.
Ngehashe
Okokugqibela, makhe sijonge kwi-graft yesiNgesi kwihashe, ubunzima buphakathi kokulula kunye nokuqhelekileyo. Ikhuseleke ngaphezu kokulula, kodwa ikhuselekile kunesiqhelo kuba ukulingana akubopheleli iinkuni kunye. Kufuneka wenze "A" kwipatheni kunye nomnye "V" ekukhetheni.
Ilayisi yenziwe ngemela ukwenza iibevels ezimbini. Kwimowudi ilula kuba ifana nentonga yokusila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusika kufuneka kube ngaphakathi, ngoko kufuneka ube ne-friction eninzi kwaye uhambe kancinci kancinci. Xa ukulungelelaniswa kwezikhonkwane kuhambelana nomzekelo, i-graft inokuhlanganiswa kwaye iboshwe.
Igrafti yesingesi yenziwa nini?
Konke oku kuhlonyelwa kwesiNgesi kufuneka kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa incindi yesiphunzi iqala ukuhamba. Ngokuphathelele iindlebe, kungcono ukuzinqumla ebusika kwaye uzigcine kwindawo epholileyo kunye neyomswakama, kwifriji okanye ukungcwatywa, kude kube lixesha lokufakelwa. Oku kushiya amazinyo emi ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ewanceda ukuba neengcambu zibe ngcono.
Nangona kunjalo, unokusika ii-spikes ngexesha lokuxhunyelelwa, kuba kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, baya kubambelela. Kule meko, Kungcono ukuhambisa uqhaqho phambili kancinci ukuze incindi ingasebenzi.
Enye yeengcebiso eziqhelekileyo ezinikwayo zokwenza i-Grafting yesiNgesi kakuhle kukusebenzisa iziqu ezinobungakanani obufanayo kwaye wenze ukusika okucocekileyo, okuchanekileyo. Ungasebenzisa isandi somthi kunye ne-rootstocks kunye ne-graft ngomhla ochanekileyo ukwandisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-cambiums.
Zixhobo
Ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuya kwenza ukuphatheka lula kwaye kwandise amathuba okuphumelela. Iimela okanye iimela zokufakela zizixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuxhunyelelwa kunokucotha kunokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphezulu. Ukusebenzisa imela yokuhluza, abasebenzisi abanamava banokufezekisa ukufakwa okuchanekileyo kunye nezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo. Izixhobo kufuneka zibebukhali kangangoko. Ngoko ke, siya kukwazi ukufezekisa ukusika okucocekileyo kunye nemiphumo emihle kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa.
Okwangoku kukho izixhobo ezenza uxhulumaniso lube lula kwaye lukhawuleze. Ukuba kuthathwa unonophelo ekusebenziseni iziqu okanye izikhonkwane zobunzima obufanayo, indawo yokudibanisa i-graft iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo kwaye iziphumo ezilungileyo ziya kufumaneka.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwahlula i-graft kwiimeko zemozulu kwaye uyibambe ngokuqinileyo. Umbhobho wetape ungasetyenziselwa lo msebenzi. Iteyiphu ekhethekileyo yokuxhunyelelwa nayo inokuthengwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-graft yesiNgesi kunye neempawu zayo.