Njengoko sisazi, zininzi iiqabaka ezichaphazela izityalo zethu, nokuba zisegadini okanye kwezolimo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesibetho esibaluleke kakhulu kwimithi yeziqhamo. Imalunga nayo impethu enkulu. Sisilwanyana esiya sisanda ngokwanda kunye nengozi. Kwingingqi yaseMurcia, uLuntu lwaseValencian, iExtremadura kunye neAragon kulapho kubaluleke kakhulu khona.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, umjikelo webhayoloji kunye nomngcipheko wombungu omkhulu oneentloko.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Umbungu omkhulu onentloko enkulu sisitshabalalisi esibi esichaphazela ikakhulu iziqhamo zemithi. Inani labo liyanda kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Bacinga ngento enokuba yimvelaphi yokwanda kwabantu. Kwelinye icala, ukuqhubeka kokusebenzisa kakhulu amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nokubulala izitshabalalisi kunciphisa inani labanyangi abanentloko enkulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba, xa bembalwa abaxhaphazi bendalo, i Iintshulube zinokusasazeka ngokulula ngaphandle kobungozi obuninzi.
Kuya kufuneka siqonde ukuba ikhonkco lokutya ngokwendalo lisebenza phakathi kwamarhamncwa kunye nexhoba. Ukuba umntu uyangenelela kwezinye zezi zixhumanisi kwikhonkco lokutya, umjikelo wendalo unokuqhawuka. Ngokwesiqhelo amarhamncwa mancinci kwi-ecosystem ngenxa yokuba inani lamaxhoba lilinganiselwe kwaye phakathi kwamarhamncwa ngokwawo ayakhuphisana. Xa ixhoba liyeke ukuba nomrhamncwa olwehlisa inani labantu ziqala ukukhula ngaphandle kokuthintela, okoko nje kukho izixhobo ezaneleyo zokubonelela iimfuno zabo.
Kule meko, sithetha ngezilwanyana ezanyamalalayo ezenziwe ngabantu ezibangelwa yimichiza yokubulala ukhula kunye nokubulala izitshabalalisi ebantwini. Nangona kunjalo, kumabala okulinywa zonke izixhobo zokubonelela ngeemfuno zombungu onentloko enkulu zikhona. Ngala maxesha enkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ifunyenwe kumhlaba ongasondelanga kangako emthini womile. Kuba inqanaba lokukhula kwentshulube ekhokelayo lihlala emhlabeni, ukwanda kwawo kufaneleke ngakumbi.
Umjikelo wobomi wombungu omkhulu onentloko
Makhe sibone ukuba uthini umjikelo webhayiloji wale ntsholongwane yemithi yeziqhamo. Abantu abadala bahlala bekhuselekile emhlabeni kude kube sehlotyeni. Kususela kweli nqanaba apho aqala khona ukuvela kunye nokudibana nemidiliya yeziqhamo. Esi sizathu sokuba ezi zityalo zichaphazeleke. Abantu abadala baphuma belambile kakhulu emva kwabo bonke ubusika phantsi komhlaba. Oku kwenzeka kancinci okanye kancinci ekupheleni kukaFebruwari nasekuqaleni kukaMatshi. Baqala ukuqwenga onke amahlumelo, amathupha kunye nepioioles ezisendleleni yazo. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-40 zokondla baqala ukuzala. Ixesha lokuzala lisusela kwinyanga kaMeyi ukuya kweyoMsintsi.
Amaqondo obushushu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni abenzima kwisitshabalalisi, ngoko ke umntu wasetyhini ngamnye angabeka amaqanda aphakathi kwama-350 nama-400 emhlabeni kwaye angaphantsi kwemitha ukusuka esiqwini. Ubunzulu bomhlaba ebeka kuwo amaqanda bu malunga phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-0.5 no-2. Kwisithuba nje seentsuku ezili-10 amaqanda aqanduselwa kwimibungu kwaye asingise ezingcanjini zemithi. Ngaphakathi kweengcambu zikhula ziye kwi-7-10 iisentimitha.
Ukuchongwa kwentshulube enkulu
Siza kwalatha ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zomzimba wombungu wentloko ukuze sikwazi ukuwuchonga ngokulula. Umntu omdala weentshulube ngubhungane omkhulu omnyama oqhele ukuba phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-2- 2.5. Zihlala zifumaneka kumasebe eziqhamo kwaye zifihle phantsi kwamasebe xa ibona ubukho bakho. Enye yeemeko zokuyazi kakuhle kukuba bayabhabha babaleke kwaye babaleke ukuba bacinga ukuba ubazile.
Ichaphazela ikakhulu yonke imithi yeziqhamo yamatye. Kukwangqinwa ukuba iyayichaphazela eminye imithi yeziqhamo efana ne-chestnut, iapile, ipere kunye nequince. Umntu omdala ngulowo uhlala kwi-eriyali yomthi kwaye utya amahlumelo kunye namahlumelo omthi avelayo. Nangona kunjalo, owona monakalo ubalulekileyo unokubangelwa yimibungu kukudala iigalari kwiingcambu zezityalo. Kulapho izityalo zinokonakaliswa kwasekuqaleni. Kwaye banako ukutshabalalisa izicubu zecortical kunye nokonakalisa yonke imijelo yencindi otya kuyo umthi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nothando lwale mibungu, imithi iphela ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye iyafa.
Iindlela zolawulo lokuhlasela
Zininzi iindlela zokuthintela izitshabalalisi zalo mbungu kwizityalo. Umzekelo, ukuba sihlalutya unkcenkceshelo, ukuba umhlaba wesiqu somthi weziqhamo umanzi, iimazi azizukubeka phantsi emhlabeni. Enye ingcebiso yile unkcenkceshelo lwedriphu lubekwe kufutshane nesiqu ukunyusa irediyo yomswakama. Ungasebenzisa iplastiki eya kuthi isebenze njengesixhobo sokuzikhusela ngokujikeleza umthi ngeradiyo yeemitha enye ubuncinci. Le plastiki ifanelekile kwaye ingcwatyiwe ukuze intshulube ingakwazi ukuwela ngaphaya komhlaba.
Emva kwexesha, siqokelela iplastiki xa ixesha lokungena lidlula. Yenye yezona zinto zisebenza ngokukuko kodwa isebenza kancinci kwindalo, kuba inokuvelisa inkunkuma yeplastiki emhlabeni. Ukufuma okujikeleze umthi akunakwandiswa ngaphezulu kweplastiki kunye inokubangela ukugquma okungaphezulu kokufuma kwezinye izityalo.
Ukususwa komthi osulelekileyo ngumsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe kuphela kwiimeko zokwamkelwa okukhulu komthi. Kukulungele ukuqhubeka nokuqala kwayo kunye nokutsha okulandelayo. Ke, sikwazile ukunqanda ukusasazeka kweminye imithi yeziqhamo.
Singalwenza ulawulo lwendalo, nangona kusekho amanyathelo ambalwa kwaye kusaphandwa. Ezinye izinto zokungunda zifunyenwe ezinokuba ziintshaba zendalo zombungu onentloko enkulu, ibhungane (I-Melanotus rufipes), hymenopteran (I-Spathius erythrocephalus), IDiptera (Iifoto zeSarcophylla latifrons y IBillaea subrotundata) kunye ne-entomopathogenic nematodes (Sreinernematidae kunye neHeterorhabditidae). Bonke banako bakhonza njengabaxhamli bombungu omkhulu ezaziswa ngendlela elawulwayo kwizinto eziphilayo zinokunceda ukunciphisa abantu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neentshulube ezinentloko enkulu kunye neempawu zayo.