Irharnati sisiqhamo esityiwa ngabantu abaninzi kwaye kulula ukuyikhulisa. Abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle indlela yokutyala irharnati. Ingaphakathi lesiqhamo likhanya ngokungathi lizaliswe ngamarubhi atyiwayo. Ukuba iirharnati sesinye seziqhamo ozithandayo, zama ukukhulisa owakho umthi werharnati. Nangona esi sityalo sisityholo kunokwakheka komthi, ungasiguqula sibe ngathi singumthi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela indlela yokutshala irharnati, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kwaye zeziphi iinkalo omele uzithathele ingqalelo kuyo.
Indlela yokutyala umthi werharnati ukusuka kwi-cuttings
Khetha kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeerharnati. Irharnati ngumthi omncinci ovuthulukayo okhula ube malunga ne-2,5m ubude kwaye uthwale iintyatyambo eziorenji ehlotyeni. Udidi lwerharnati oluncinci lukhula lube luncinci, lufikelele kwi-1m ngobude kwaye luzilungele ngakumbi iimbiza. Usenokuthanda amagqabi aqhakazayo eentlobo "ezintle".
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufunda ukutyala irharnati: kunye neziqu, ukusikwa okanye imbewu. Ukuba ukhulisa irharnati kwimbewu, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba uya kufumana uhlobo oluthile, kwaye kuya kufuneka ulinde iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine ukuze isityalo sithwale isiqhamo.
Fumana ihlumelo lerharnati okanye usike. Ungathenga izithole zerharnati kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokugcina abantwana. Ukuba ufuna ukutya iirharnathi zasekhaya, qiniseka ukuba uthenga iindidi ezivelisa iziqhamo ezityiwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba omnye wabahlobo bakho unemithi yakhe yerharnati, unokubacela ukuba bayigawule. Sika amasebe ubuncinane ubude be-25 cm. Gcoba iziphelo zamasebe ngeehomoni ukuvuselela ukukhula kweengcambu. Kufuneka unciphise ngoFebruwari okanye ngoMatshi xa isityalo silele.
Iimfuneko zerharnati
Khetha indawo enelanga. Imithi yerharnati iyalithanda ilanga, kwaye ukuba ayifumani ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwendalo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba baya kuseka isiqhamo. Ukuba awunayo indawo kwisitiya sakho esifumana ilanga elipheleleyo imini yonke, khetha indawo enomthunzi enomhlaba okhupha amanzi kakuhle. Iirharnathi azikhuli kwiimeko ezilungileyo apho umhlaba ufakwe emanzini. Endaweni yoko, badinga imihlaba elungele ukukhupha amanzi, nkqu nesanti.
Abanye abalimi bathi umhlaba oneasidi encinci yeyona ilungileyo ekukhuliseni iirharnati, nangona umhlaba ophakathi kwealkaline ikwayindlela elungileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iirharnati ziya kuziqhelanisa nomhlaba ezikhuliswe kuwo ukuba nje ukhupha kakuhle.
Khusela iirharnathi emoyeni kunye nokufuma okugqithisileyo. Tyala iirharnathi kwindawo epholileyo, neyomileyo (ubuncinci) ekhuselweyo emoyeni. Kuphephe ukuyityala kwindawo efumileyo, emnyama okanye ebandayo egadini. Khumbula ukuba iirharnathi zikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezishushu nezomileyo.
Kufuneka utyale iirharnati ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emva kweqabaka yokugqibela yasebusika. Zisuse ngononophelo izikhondo kwisikhongozeli. Geza malunga ne-intshi ukusuka ezantsi kweengcambu zengcambu ukuze ususe umhlaba ongaphezulu. Ngale ndlela, izityalo ziya kukhula emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba zitshintshwe ukusuka kwibhodwe le-nursery zibe ngumhlaba. Yomba umngxuma malunga neemitha ezi-2,5 ububanzi kwaye ubeke isikhondo serharnati kuyo.
Ukuba ukhulisa irharnati ukusuka kwinqumle, khulula umhlaba kwaye ufake isebe lerharnati ngokuthe nkqo ukuze isiphelo esisikiweyo singcwatywe ubunzulu obuyi-12-15cm kwaye isebe elileleyo lijonge phezulu.
Unonophelo oluyimfuneko
Nkcenkceshela iirharnati ngoko nangoko emva kokutyala. Ngale ndlela, umhlaba ojikeleze umthi werharnati osandula ukutyalwa uya kuhlala ngcono. Emva kokunkcenkceshelwa kokuqala. yinkcenkceshele yonke imihla de amagqabi amatsha aqale ukuphuma. Ukukhula kwamagqabi amatsha kubonisa ukuba isityalo sizinzile kwikhaya laso elitsha. Nciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukunkcenkceshela iirharnati zakho kuzo zonke iintsuku ezingama-7-10.
Nkcenkceshela kakhulu kanye ngeveki xa umthi udubula okanye uthwala isiqhamo. Ukuba kuyanetha, akuyi kufuneka unkcenkceshele kakhulu. Sakuba sikhule isityalo emhlabeni, sichumise. Izichumisi ezisekelwe kwi-ammonium sulfate zisebenza kakuhle kunye neerharnati. Gcoba i-⅓ indebe yesichumisi kathathu kunyaka wokuqala wokukhula (iinyanga ezifanelekileyo nguFebruwari, Meyi, noSeptemba).
Gcina umhlaba ujikeleze umthi werharnati ukhula. Kufuneka ugcine indawo ejikeleze umthi werharnati ingenakhula okanye ezinye izityalo ezifunxa izondlo emthini. Gcina indawo inokhula okanye ubeke umaleko wesigcina-kufuma esijikeleze umthi. I-mulch inceda ekubulaleni nasekuthinteleni ukhula namatyholo kwaye igcina ukufuma okuyimfuneko kwizityalo. Ukuba uyafuna, ilungisa ukumila kwesityalo ukuze sibukeke njengomthi.
Imisebenzi yesondlo xa utyala irharnathi
Nangona iirharnati zifana netyholo kunomthi, unokuthena kwakhona ube yimithi, njengoko abaninzi besenza. Ngoncedo lwezikere zokuthena, sika iisuckers (amasetyana enza ukuba isityalo sibukeke njengesihlahla) ujikeleze isiseko ukuze unike ubume bomthi. Oku kufuneka ukwenze kamsinya emva kokuba isityalo sikhule siphuma emhlabeni.. Ukuba awukhathali ukumila kwerharnati, yiyeke ikhule ngokwemvelo.
Susa iindawo ezifileyo okanye ezonakeleyo zesityalo. Nangona kungenasidingo ngokungqongqo ukuthena umthi wakho werharnati, kufuneka unqande amasebe afileyo okanye agulayo entwasahlobo ukuze uncede ukhule ngcono. Ungaphinda unciphise isityalo xa ucinga ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuba uyawukhulisa umthi wakho werharnati kwisitya, kuya kufuneka ukuba uwuthene rhoqo ukuze ugcine ubume kunye nobukhulu obufunayo.
Gcina irharnati ikwimeko entle. Thintela ukukhula kokungunda ngokuqinisekisa ukuba awuwunkcenkceshele kakhulu umthi wakho. Ezinye iingxaki ezimbini ekufuneka zijongwe ziirharnati ziintwala zerharnati kunye namabhabhathane erharnati. Unokufumana iimveliso zokutshiza nakweyiphi na indawo yokugcina abantwana okanye ivenkile yegadi ukubulala iintwala.. Iibhabhathane zerharnati aziqhelekanga kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akufanele zibe yingxaki, kodwa ukuba zikhona, sebenzisa i-butterfly spray ukubulala imibungu emthini. Ngelixa amabhabhathane edla ngokungabi nabungozi, olu hlobo lwemibungu lungakhula ngaphakathi kweerharnati kwaye lutshabalalise isiqhamo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokutyala umthi werharnati kunye neziphi iimpawu zayo.