Ngaphambili besijonge izinambuzane ezahlukileyo ezinokuchaphazela isivuno setumato. Phakathi kwezinambuzane sabona i-whitefly, i-aphids, i-red spider, njl. Ngoku ndize kuphawula ngezifo kunye neentsholongwane ezinokuthi zihlasele izityalo zethu kwaye ngale nto ndivale esi sahluko ngezifo zetumato.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngezifo kunye neentsholongwane ezinokuchaphazela izityalo zakho zetumato?
Izifo ezichaphazela ukulima iitumato
I-Oidiopsis
Yifungus eveliswa kwimeko elungileyo yokufuma kunye neqondo lobushushu. Uninzi lwamakhowa lufuna ukufuma okuninzi kunye nobushushu obutofotofo ukuze uphumelele. Ukuze sikwazi ukuyibona, kufuneka siqaphele ukuba inombala omhlophe kwaye ihlala ivela phezulu kwiqabunga. Njengokuba zikhula kunye nexesha lihamba, igqabi liba tyheli de ekugqibeleni libole.
Ukuze sikwazi ukulwa nayo ngendlela yendalo singasebenzisa isalfure emanzi okanye umgubo. Kananjalo ukuba unesitiya sasezidolophini kwaye ungabeka izityalo elangeni, ifungus iyafa.
Ngumbungu
Yinto yokungunda echaphazela amagqabi esityalo. Inokuqatshelwa kuba ukukhanya okanye amabala aluhlaza amnyama aqala ukubonwa, aba necrotic kunye nokuhamba kwexesha. Ngaphantsi komkhusane omhlophe obhityileyo uhambelana nembewu. Esiqwini sifumana amabala amdaka amade afanekisela i-necrosis kunye nokubuna kwisityalo. Isityalo sithatha imbonakalo etshisiweyo. Kwiziqhamo ezikhulayo, amabala athambileyo anembonakalo emdaka ngokubanzi abonwa kwisiqingatha esingaphezulu.
Ukunciphisa kunye nokunyanga, isulfate yobhedu isetyenziswa.
Roya
Olunye uhlobo lomngundo. Le iorenji ngaphantsi kwegqabi ize ibe tyheli kwicala elingasentla. Inokunyangwa nge-decoction ye-horsetail kwaye inokunyangwa njengamanye amakhowe amabini ane-sulfate yethusi.
Bola
Iyaziwa kakhulu kwaye iveliswa ngundo obangela ukwenzakala kwisityalo. I-fungus botrytis ibangela indawo echaphazelekayo ukuba ijike ibemdaka, ngelixa enye ivelisa ikotoni, indawo emhlophe. Inokulwa ngesepha ye-potassium, isicatshulwa segalikhi kunye nesulfate yobhedu. Nangona iluncedo ngakumbi ukuthintela ukusukela ngale ndlela sinokuthintela ukonakaliswa kwesityalo. Kufuneka sikuphephe ukusika kwisityalo esinokusosulela, singabi kufutshane kakhulu kwizityalo kwaye sisuse nayiphi na indawo enokusulela ezinye.
Ukhwekhwe
Lo ngundo uvelisa indawo emnyama kuwo omabini amagqabi, isiqu kunye netumato. Inokulawulwa nge-purin ye-horsetail, isilumko, i-nettle kunye ne-tansy. I-Copper sulfate nayo inokusetyenziswa.
Njengoko sibona, uninzi lwefungus lunokulwa nge-sulfate yethusi.
Iintsholongwane ezinokuchaphazela iitumato
Ukugqiba kunye nokuvala esi sahluko sothando kwizityalo zethu zetumato sikhankanya ezo ntsholongwane zinokuzihlasela. Kule meko, asinakulwa nayo, kuphela siyithintele. Zininzi iintsholongwane ezihlasela iitumato kodwa asikwazi kuzilwa, zithintele kuphela.
Ukuba iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngokuba mncinci kunye nombala otyheli zibonwa phantse kuzo zonke izityalo zetumato, kuyacetyiswa ukuyigquma ngengxowa, uyiqhawule uyisuse ukuthintela ukuba ingasasazeki kwezinye izityalo. Kukwakho nokubola okusisifo sokunqongophala kwecalcium kwisityalo. Oku kungaziwa xa isiqhamo sibonakala simnyama ngaphantsi.
Singafumana neetumato eziqhekekileyo. Oku kwenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu esihla ngokukhawuleza okanye kukho ukungalingani kunkcenkceshelo. Ukuthintela oku kufuneka sikhathalele utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumaqondo obushushu kwaye sigcine imeko izityalo zilungile, kuba xa iitumato ziqhekekile, akukho nto ininzi esinokuyenza ukusombulula.
Ewe ngezi ngcebiso kunye nolwazi sele sivale isahluko malunga nezinambuzane nezifo ezihlasela isivuno setumato, ndiyathemba ukuba iluncedo =)
Ndicinga ukuba izinto ezifakiweyo zilungile.