Izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo zomkhiwane

Los amakhiwane okanye uFicus carica Bavela kusapho lweMoraceae, olubandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-1.000 yeentlobo. Kuyaziwa oko Amakhiwane ebelinywa kangangamawaka eminyaka Ndiyabulela kumathambo afunyenwe kwimivubukulo yeNeolithic eyaqala kwiminyaka engama-5.000 BC kwaye ngaphandle kwembali yabo yakudala, abaxolelwanga kuninzi olufanayo izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo yomkhiwane ohlasela umthi namhlanje.

Isitshixo kwi Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kukufunda ukuchonga izitshabalalisi eziqhelekileyo zomkhiwane nokuba umthi womkhiwane oqhelekileyo ngumthi onqabileyo, umthi olinyelwa iziqhamo ezimnandi, nangona isiqhamo somkhiwane singesosisiqhamo nyani, kodwa endaweni yoko sisiSconium okanye a indawo engenamqolo kunye neentyatyambo ezincinci kwiindonga zayo zangaphakathi.

Funda ngakumbi ngamakhiwane

Ukuza kwintshona yeAsia, imikhiwane kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiimeko, banokuphila iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ukuya kumashumi asixhenxe ngemveliso ethembekileyo, imeko enokuthi ithintele ubomi bayo obude iintsholongwane kwezi, enye yezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo zezi nematodeNgokukodwa ingcambu ye-nematode kunye ne-nematode yekrele, ukusukela oku kunciphisa ukukhula kunye nemveliso yemithi.

Kwiitropiki, iimatodes zilwelwa ngokutyala umkhiwane kufutshane nodonga okanye isakhiwo ukuya vumela iingcambu ukuba zikhule phantsi kwesakhiwo, ukuthintela umonakalo nematode. Endaweni yokutyala kufutshane nesakhiwo, ukugquma okunzima kunokuthintela i-nematode njengoko kufanelekile ukufaka isicelo sematicid.

Ezinye izinambuzane ezifumaneka kumthi wamakhiwane zezi:

Umbungu womchweli, ibhungane lomhlaba omnyama, ibhungane le-nut, ibhungane le-Freeman, i-beetle edidekileyo, i-beetle ye-fig, okanye i-fig beetle.

Kukho ezininzi Izicwangciso zokuhlaselwa xa unyanga iibhugi kumakhiwane Kwaye ayizizo zonke izitshabalalisi ezinokulawulwa, nangona kunjalo, i-borer yomthi we-banyan ubeka amaqanda ayo kufutshane nesebe kwaye emva koko umbungu ubangele uqandusele kunye netonela emthini, Xa izibungu zisemthini, ulawulo luba nzima kakhulu.

Isibulali zinambuzane sinokufakwa kwiitonela ngesirinji, kodwa eli lixesha elininzi kwaye lifunwa, kungoko eyona ndlela yokuzikhusela Ukulwa ne-bore bore kulityala elilungileyo, kuba oku kuvala indawo esezantsi yomthi emnatheni ukuthintela iimazi ekubekeni amaqanda azo kwixolo.

Kwakhona Kuya kufuneka ugqume umphezulu womnatha ngefoyile yealuminium Yogqunywe nge petroleum jelly, ukunyanga izinambuzane, ezifana nooqongqothwane be-nut okanye i-spider mites kumakhiwane, kungafuna ukutshiza

Los i-nut beetles okanye i-sap beetles zibandakanya iindidi ezinxulumene noko ezifana noFreeman kunye noqongqothwane oxutyiweyo, ezi zinambuzane ezincinci ezimnyama ukuya kumdaka ezinokuthi zingabinamaphiko kwaye kukuba xa zisitya ngamakhiwane iziqhamo ziwela emhlabeni kwaye zibe nomtsalane kwezinye izinambuzane. bosuleleka kaninzi kwaye Aspergilluss, isifo sokungunda esinokuthi kuchaphazela ukuvuthwa yesiqhamo.

Ukulwa ezi zinambuzane, kufuneka uqiniseke imigibe yokuloba ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamakhiwane.

Xa imigibe sele yenze umsebenzi omninzi, tshiza umthi ngesibulali zinambuzane malathion kwishukela okanye isisombululo samanzi ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yomenzi. Hlala kude nendawo efafazwe ubuncinci iiyure ezilishumi elinambini kwaye ungawavuni amakhiwane iintsuku ezintathuNjengokuba zombini isigcawu sePacific kunye nesigcawu esinamachaphaza amabini zinokuchaphazela umkhiwane.

Zombini ezi zinambuzane ziluhlaza tyheli namachokoza amnyama kwaye zitya ezantsi kwamagqabi.