Ingaba unomeva womkhiwane ukhala intsimbi? Ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka ujonge eli nqaku. Ezi zinambuzane zinomtsalane ngokwenene. Bafumene ziguquke kunye nemithi yomkhiwane kwaye zisebenzise iziqhamo zayo; ngelixa bebavuza. Ukongezelela, zibalasele ngaphezu kwazo zonke ngenxa yokuba zichitha ubomi bazo bombungu ngaphakathi kwamakhiwane.
Kwimeko apho uziva unomdla omncinci malunga nezi zinambuzane, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Siza kucacisa yintoni unomeva womkhiwane kwaye yintoni umjikelo wayo webhayoloji. Kwakhona, siza kuthetha malunga nento abayenzayo kumakhiwane kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwawo.
Yintoni unomeva womkhiwane?
Xa sithetha ngoonomeva bomkhiwane, sibhekisa kooonomeva bentsapho enkulu I-Chalcidoid. Sinokwahlula iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zazo: Iipollinators zamakhiwane kunye nezingezo-pollinators, Zitya izityalo kuphela. Abokuqala bayinxalenye yentsapho Agaonidae. Endaweni yoko, abangengabo-pollinators bangamalungu eentsapho ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwe-superfamily I-Chalcidoid.
Unomeva womkhiwane sisinambuzane esingundoqo kwiindawo ezininzi zendalo. Njengoko kulindelekile, amakhiwane asebenza njengokutya kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana, ngoko ke abalulekile kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yazo. Ngenxa yoko, ii-pollinators zale mifuno zikwayi-pollinators.
Unomeva womkhiwane: Umjikelo webhayoloji
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni unomeva womkhiwane, makhe sibone ukuba uyintoni umjikelo wobomi bakhe. Oku kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemithi yamakhiwane, njengoko iyisebenzisa njengemikhosi. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kukho oonomeva abahambisa ipoleni kunye nabangengawo. Ezokuqala ziyinxalenye yebhayoloji mutualism, oko kukuthi: Unomeva womkhiwane kunye nemithi yomkhiwane isebenzisana ngokwebhayoloji, incedana ngokulinganayo kwaye iphucula ubuchule bayo bebhayoloji. Endaweni yoko, i-non-pollinators izuza kuphela kolu lungelelwaniso. Ngaphandle koku, imijikelo yobomi bazo zombini iintlobo zoonomeva ziyafana kakhulu.
Kwimeko yokuvuza oonomeva bomkhiwane, iimazi, xa sele zikhulile kwaye zichumile, Bangena ngaphakathi kwikhiwane elingekavuthwa baze babeke amaqanda abo apho. Umnyango wenziwa nge-ostiole, umngxuma wendalo ofumaneka kwisiqhamo. Xa bengaphakathi, bakhangela amabala eentyatyambo ukuze babeke amaqanda abo apho. Njengoko i-ostiole abangena ngayo idla ngokuba mxinwa kakhulu, kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuba iimazi ziphulukane namaphiko kunye/okanye i-eriyali xa zingena. Ukuze kube lula ukungena kwabo kumkhiwane, banemiqolo emincinci kwisiseko sentloko apho bayakwazi ukubamba kwiindonga zomngxuma wokungena.
Njengoko unomeva oye wazalelwa kwelinye ikhiwane, wafumana umungu kwangalaa nto xa ibeka amaqanda ayo ishiya kwisiqhamo esitsha. ngaloo ndlela izalisekisa umsebenzi wayo njengohambisa ipoleni. Emva koko igqibela ngokufela ngaphakathi kwikhiwane, elifunxayo ukuze lifumane izondlo.
Imibungu yoonomeva emakhiwaneni
Ngaphandle koonomeva bomkhiwane ovuvuzayo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphuma kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo ezikwazalela amaqanda azo ngaphakathi kwezi ziqhamo, kodwa zingawuvuvuzeli. Ezi zizifunxi-gazi zekhiwane kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo zikwakwabanye oonomeva. Njengabo bangaphambili, bachitha ubomi babo bombungu ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo.
Njengoko ikhiwane likhula kwaye likhula, oonomeva bagqibezela umjikelo wabo webhayoloji. Iinkunzi zeentlobo ezininzi zoonomeva azinamaphiko. zihlala phakathi komkhiwane, ukuze zibe neemazi. Emva koko zemba itonela ukuze zonke iimazi eziqhanyiweyo ziphume ziye kufuna elinye ikhiwane. Ezinye iinkunzi ziphelela ekubeni zifele ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo, okanye ziwele ngaphandle, apho ziya kuphelela ekubeni zife ngethutyana nje elingephi.
Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi koonomeva abasasaza ipoleni kunye nabangengawo, ngokubhekiselele kumjikelo wabo webhayoloji, kukuba abokuqala baqokelela umungu kwikhiwane ezazalelwa kulo baze bayishiye ekhiwaneni apho bazalela khona amaqanda abo.
Benza ntoni oonomeva kumakhiwane?
Ukwazi ngoku umjikelo wobomi boonomeva bomkhiwane, makhe sixoxe ngokweenkcukacha ukuba zenziwa ntoni iziqhamo. Kule nto, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ubuncinane kwintsapho AgaonidaeIimazi zinamaphiko ngelixa iinkunzi zingenamaphiko. Enye yeenjongo zabo kukukhwelana ngaphakathi kwe-silicone. Yintoni lento? I-sycone sisakhiwo esihlala iintyatyambo ezininzi, ezininzi ezincinci. Njengoko abanye benu sele besazi, umkhiwane uvelisa iintyatyambo zawo ngaphakathi kwamakhiwane. Ke ngoko, ezi azikho iziqhamo ngokobuchwephesha, kodwa ii-sycones. Enye injongo amadoda amele ayifeze kukwandisa indawo yokuvula loo siconum, okanye ikhiwane, ukuze iimazi ziphume ngaphakathi kuyo.
Ezinye iintlobo zoonomeva bomkhiwane, kuquka iimazi zentsapho Agaonidae, ungene kumakhiwane ukuze ubeke amaqanda kuwo, ngokukodwa kwi-stigmas yeentyatyambo ezincinci ngaphakathi. Ezinye iintlobo zezinye iintsapho zolu hlobo non-pollinating noonomeva baye beza kuphuhlisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-ovipositor. Lilungu elide kakhulu abanokuthi ngalo babeke amaqanda ngaphandle kokungena ekhiwaneni, kodwa banokukwenza oko ngaphandle. Umzekelo iya kuba yintsapho engaphantsi I-Sycoryctinae.
amakhiwane atya oonomeva
Kukho ngaphezu kwama-600 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamakhiwane. Uninzi lwazo lunee-sycones ezineentlobo ezintathu zeentyatyambo: imazi enepistil emfutshane, imazi enepistil ende kunye nenkunzi. Oonomeva be-Agaonid banokubeka amaqanda abo kuphela kwezo ntyatyambo zisetyhini ezinepistils ezimfutshane, ezinye zithunyelelwa ipoleni kwaye ekugqibeleni zivelisa imbewu. Unomeva uyafela ngaphakathi ekhiwaneni. Oku kuneeenzymes ezikwaziyo ukwetyisa ezi zinambuzane kwaye zifunxa izondlo zazo.
Njengoko kusenzeka kwizihlandlo ezininzi, indalo ayiyeki ukusimangalisa. Indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifumana ngayo ukuncedana iyamangalisa ngokwenene. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba abantu abaninzi abayithandi kakhulu i-waps, oku kubonisa ukuba Zibalulekile kwi-ikhosistim.