Lapho sizokhula noma sihlwanyela isitshalo ngokuvamile siqala ngokwethula imbewu yaso ngaphansi komhlaba namanzi. Kusuka enzalweni isitshalo siyakhula esizokhiqiza izithelo zaso kamuva. Siyazi ukuthi imbewu iyisisekelo sempilo yezitshalo nokuthi ngenxa yayo ingabiwa futhi ikhuliswe.
Nokho, Siyazi ukuthi iyini ngempela imbewu nokuthi isebenza kanjani?
Imbewu
Imbewu yiyo isitho esikhulu sokuzala senqwaba yezitshalo eziphakeme zasemhlabeni nezasemanzini. Iqhaza lalo njengesivikelo sezinhlobo liyisisekelo, ngoba bayakwazi ukumelana nezimo zangaphandle ezimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokufa, futhi babuye bahlume kamuva. Imbewu ibalulekile ekusakazekeni kwezitshalo, ukuvuselelwa kwamahlathi futhi, ngokujwayelekile, ngokulandelana kwemvelo kwanoma iyiphi imvelo.
Ngokwemvelo, imbewu isebenza njengokudla kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Singasho ukuthi imbewu iyinto eyisisekelo nakumuntu, uma sikhuluma ngokwezolimo, ngoba ngaphandle kwembewu besingeke sikhule lutho futhi ezolimo bezingeke zibe khona. Yini enye, ukudla okuyinhloko komuntu kwenziwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngezimbewu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imbewu isetshenziselwa ukuphatha abantu basendle emahlathini, ukwenza amahlathi, ibuye isebenzise ukonga uhlobo oluthile olusengozini ngokugcina i-germplasm yesitshalo ngoba ingagcinwa iphila isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusisiza ukuthi silondoloze izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu noma kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi isayensi ifunde imbewu isikhathi eside, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nolwazi olukhulu nge-biology yezitshalo eziningi. Ukuze wazi kabanzi ngokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo nezimila, izici zomzimba zembewu, izindlela zokulala kanye nokuhluma, izimo zemvelo abazidingayo, impilo yazo ende nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlukile ekusakazeni izitshalo kanye nokongiwa kwezitshalo.
Uyini umsuka wembewu?
Siyazi ukuthi imbewu iyunithi enkulu yokuzala yezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba yakhiwa esibelethweni sesitshalo ngemuva kokukhulelwa futhi inezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusinda. Imbewu zitholakala kuma-angiosperms nakuma-gymnosperms. Yize ama-gymnosperms engenayo imbali yangempela, ukwakheka kwembewu yalezi zitshalo kufana kakhulu nalawo anezimbali.
Ubukhulu bezimbewu zezinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene bungahluka kakhulu. Kunezimbewu ezinobukhulu nobukhulu obuningi naphezu kokuthi kuyisitho esinomsuka ofanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto futhi lokho kufeza umsebenzi ofanayo.
Ngokwesisindo, kunezimbewu ezincane kakhulu njengalezo zama-orchid enesisindo esingu-0,1mg nezinye ezinkulu njengalezi zikakhukhunathi wasePacific ophindwe kabili onesisindo esingu-10Kg. Emphakathini ofanayo wesitshalo umehluko phakathi kosayizi uvame ukuba mncane, kepha, uyakwazi ukwehluka ngama-oda ayisithupha wobukhulu.
Ukuhlakazeka kwembewu
Ukuze kukhiqizwe imbewu, izitshalo zidinga inani elikhulu lamandla, ngakho-ke kuya ngesimo sesitshalo, zingakhiqiza inani elikhulu noma elincane lembewu futhi lezi ziyoba zinkulu noma zingaphansi. Izitshalo ezikhiqiza imbewu encane ziyakwazi ukusabalala kabanzi futhi zibe nethuba elingcono lokukwazi ukuthola indawo enezimo ezikahle zemvelo ukuze zihlume futhi zikhule. Noma kunjalo, imbewu encane kangaka ayisizi ekukhuleni kwayo, ngakho-ke isithombo esisha kuzodingeka sisebenzise izinsiza ezisizungezile ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kufaka engcupheni enkulu yokufa uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo zinhlamvu ezinkulu. Futhi abanakho ukumelana okuncane nemiphumela yokushiswa kwe-herbivore futhi bangachotshozwa kalula udoti wamaqabunga owela phansi. Yize lokhu kucasulwa ngamanani amakhulu, yingxenyana encane kuphela esinda kuzo zonke lezi zingozi.
Ngalokhu uzokwazi ukwazi okuthile okuningi mayelana nembewu nokubaluleka anakho.