El henbane Ingesinye sezitshalo esihlotshaniswa nomlingo nobuthakathi kusukela endulo. Iqiniso lokucabangela lolu hlobo lwezitshalo ezinezici zemilingo lubangele ukushushiswa kwabo ngokubabheka njengabahlanganyeli bakaDeveli uqobo. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi abantu bakwazile ukusebenzisa la ma-toxin ngoba anezinto ezinobuthi. Kodwa-ke, baxhashazelwe ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokubulala izinzwa nokubangela ushintsho esimweni sokwazi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-henbane: emnyama nomhlophe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwe-henbane.
Izici eziyinhloko
Sikhuluma ngesitshalo ngezikhathi zasendulo esasihlobene nomlingo nobuthakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinobuthi. Futhi ukuthi inezimiso ezinobuthi eziphakeme ezisebenzayo ezisebenza ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla imifino. Iningi lezitshalo ebezihlobene namafia zingeqembu leSolanaceae. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo lingelomndeni lokho yamukelwa njengefomu lokuzivikela elinezakhiwo ezisebenzayo ezinobuthi obuphezulu. Abaningi bayihlobanisa nezinganekwane lapho kwakuthiwa zavela kuphela emathuneni nasezindaweni eziyimfihlakalo. Kuthiwa futhi banezinto zemilingo.
Ukutholwa kwabathandi abaningi bemfihlakalo, ukusho nje ukuthi lezi yizitshalo ezijwayelekile. Umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo ukuthi ungoweqembu lezitshalo ezi-ruderal. Banokukhetha okusobala kokutshala ezindaweni ezihlobene nemisebenzi yabantu. Endaweni lapho inqwaba yemfucuza, izinsalela, njll. Isibonelo ku izinkambu ezivulekile, izinkambu, izindawo eziseceleni, imigwaqo kanye namadolobha, i-henbane izokhula kalula.
Izinhlobo ze-henbane
Manje sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-henbane ezaziwa kakhulu ezikhona.
I-henbane emhlophe
Igama layo lesayensi ngu IHyoscyamus albus L. futhi ungowomndeni wakwaSolanaceae. Ububanzi be-henbane emhlophe busesifundeni saseMedithera. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, kuyinhlobo enokuthambekela kokukhula ezindaweni ezihlobene nemisebenzi yabantu. Ngakho-ke, indawo yayo yokuhlala itholakala ezindaweni ezinezindonga, izibi, imigwaqo eseduze nezindawo zezolimo, njll. Ngokufingqa, kungashiwo ukuthi indawo ye-henbane emhlophe isezindaweni lapho kunenqwaba ye-nitrogen khona.
Luhlobo lwe-biennial oluneziqu ezimbozwe izinwele ezinde, ezithambile. Uma izimo ezinhle zikhula, ingafinyelela uhhafu wemitha ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo awuhlobo oluthile lwesikhumba futhi anezimbambo emaphethelweni. Izimbali zihlelwe ngendlela yamaqembu ama-inflorescence aminyene. Lezi zimbali zinombala ophuzi okhanyayo nengxenye yangaphakathi ethambekele ekububende.
Eqenjini leSolanaceae azikho kuphela izitshalo ezihlobene nabesifazane nemilingo. Kukhona nezitshalo ezingenabungozi njengamazambane notamatisi. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kunenye ingozi eyingozi kakhulu eyaziwa ngegama le-black henbane. Lolu hlobo lokugcina lubonakala ngokuba nokuxinana okuphezulu kobuthi okungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi. Sizobona izici ze-henbane emnyama ngezansi.
Igama le-henbane lisuselwa ku-Latin Belenus. UBelenus unguNkulunkulu weGallic okungcweliswe kuye lesi sitshalo amaGauls afaka ubuthi kuso imicibisholo. Akuyona yonke into ehlobene nalesi sitshalo engeyinhle, ngoba esikhathini esedlule ukusetshenziswa kwatholakala ukuthambisa iziguli ezazizohlinzwa ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale i-chloroform.
Umnyama henbane
Igama lesayensi lalesi sitshalo ngu IHioscyamus niger futhi inezimbali ezingafani kahle. Uma ithuthukiswe ezimweni ezinhle, ingafinyelela eziphakeme eziphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-90-100. Inamacembe amahlanu axhumene. Ine-corolla ephuzi ngokunsundu enemizwa ebubende. Le corolla imise okwefeleni ngomphimbo omnyama. Inama-sepals amahlanu nawo ahlangene futhi i-calyx injenge-bell. I-calyx ithe ivuvukele kakhulu esithelweni ngama-lobes aqinile ngesimo sameva.
Ngokuqondene namaqabunga awo, angolunye uhlobo futhi afakwa petiolated ngesimo se-rosette. Amaqabunga esiqu angenayo i-petiole agonxwa esiqwini esifanayo. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo yi-capsule efakwa ngokungapheli ngaphakathi kwe-calyx. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zine-ecosystem kanye nendawo yokuhlala ehlobene nemisebenzi yabantu. Ngakho-ke, siyabona ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ihlala ihlobene nayo izindawo ezingenamuntu, imigwaqo, imigwaqo, izivande, amagceke, amanxiwa, amatheku, izigayo, amathuna esonto, njll. Lokho wukuthi, yonke into lapho kutholakala amazinga aphezulu e-nitrogen ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu.
I-henbane emnyama yisitshalo esinoboya obukhulu, esinamathelayo, esivela njalo eminyakeni emibili. Inesiqu esiqondile futhi ifana ne-fetid. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunuka kabi. Siyazi ukuthi inenqwaba yobuthi ngoba iqukethe ama-alkaloid anomthelela okhubazisayo ohlelweni lwemisipha. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi, kuwo wonke umlando, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwe ukuqeda amazinyo nezindlebe. Kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi yayisetshenziswa njengezidakamizwa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene.
Imvamisa singathola i-henbane emnyama eduze nezindawo zokuhlala ezindala nezinqaba. Imbewu ingahlala isikhathi eside. Kuyindlela yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze ukwazi ukusinda ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene futhi wakhe ukuzivumelanisa okusha esikhathini eside esizayo. Uma simba umhlaba bayakwazi ukuqhuma uma bethola izimo ezifanele. Ngonyaka wokuhluma isitshalo singakhiqiza i-rosette yamaqabunga. Lapho usudale wonke amaqabunga akho, unyaka olandelayo kulapho uqala ukudala izimbali. Ngesikhathi izimbali sezikhulile, amaqabunga amise okwe-rosette azobe esesile.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezitshalo ezinawo wonke umlando ngemuva kwazo ohlobene nobuthakathi nomlingo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi kube lula ukusebenzisa izinto zayo ezinobuthi ngezinjongo zokwelashwa. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-henbane nezinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko.