I-walnut isihlahla esinamandla esingaphezu kwamamitha angama-25 ubude nomqhele obanzi kanye nobubanzi besiqu obufika ku-3 kuya ku-4 wamamitha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ze-walnut, kanti nakuba eziningi zimelana nezinambuzane, esinye sezifo ezilimaza kakhulu i-anthracnose. Kufanele wazi ukuthi uphathwa kanjani i-anthracnose ye-walnut ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela esihlahleni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezihlukene zokufunda ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-walnut anthracnose, yiziphi izici zayo nokuthi ungayilwa kanjani.
Izici ze-Walnut
Isihlahla se-walnut siyavuthuluka, okusho ukuthi silahlekelwa amaqabunga awo amaningi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Inamaphiko afinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama kanye nesiqu esikhulu esifinyelela kumamitha ama-2 ububanzi. Isiqu sifushane futhi simhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi simpunga. Amagatsha anamandla akhula kuwo, akha umqhele omkhulu, ogqamile futhi oyindilinga.
Amaqabunga ama-walnut zinkulu, ezingaba ngu-25 cm ubude, zisekelwa ama-petioles angaba ngu-5 kuya ku-8 cm ubude. Lawa mahlamvu anombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi ashintshana ngobuningi emagatsheni. Izimbali nazo ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Abesilisa bakhala iminyezane, abesifazane bangama-tang wodwa.
Izithelo esivame ukuzibiza ngokuthi amantongomane zizozalwa ezimbalini zesifazane, nakuba ngokwesayensi yezitshalo zingezona, kodwa kunalokho ziyi-drupes, ene-endocarp eyakhiwe ingxenye enamatshe futhi enothayela ngaphakathi okuyimbewu edliwayo neyaziswa kakhulu.
Yini i-walnut anthracnose?
I-Walnut anthracnose (i-Gnomonia leptostyla) isifo sokukhunta esibangelwa isikhunta sesizukulwane i-Colletotrichum, i-Gloesporium, ne-Coniothyrium. Lesi sifo senzeka ezimpandeni, emaqabungeni, nasezithelweni zamanqamu lapho kunomswakama owedlulele namazinga okushisa aphansi.. Zonke izinhlobo zama-walnuts zingenwa yilesi sifo, kodwa ukuqina kwawo ngokuvamile kuncike esigabeni sokuvela.
Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezincane kunazo zonke ze-walnut ngokuvamile zithinteka kakhulu yi-anthracnose. Kubalulekile ukuthi abalimi babone i-walnut anthracnose kanye nohlobo lwesikhunta oluyibangelayo. Ulwazi oluhle nolwazi mayelana nalesi sifo kungasiza ekubuyiseleni izitshalo zamantongomane. Ukuhlasela okukhulu kwe-anthracnose kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kwesitshalo.
Yiziphi izimpawu?
I-Walnut anthracnose ibangela ukuwohloka okukhulu kwamaqabunga okuqala ukwenza buthaka sonke isitshalo ngendlela ejule kakhulu. Amaqabunga athintekile aba namachashaza amaningi amancane, ayindilinga, ansundu abonakala nge-halo emhlophe ngaphansi, engawahlukanisa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaqabunga e-walnut awela phansi ebusika, kwakhiwa i-perithecia (izakhiwo ze-ascocarp) ezine-asci ne-ascospores. Ezithelo, i-anthracnose ibangela ukubola, okuthinta imbewu, futhi amabala ale qembu futhi awandise ayabonakala. Ngezikhathi zokuma kwezihlahla ze-walnut, ibuye iphathwe i-anthracnose emagatsheni ayo ane-lignified, abonakala sengathi amagxolo ane-scaly futhi anombala ompunga.
I-Walnut anthracnose ihlotshaniswa namazinga okushisa asondele ku-20ºC kanye nomswakama ophezulu kakhulu.. Enye yezimpawu ezixakile ze-walnut anthracnose amachashaza akhiqizwa ukhunta angakwazi ukungena emithanjeni yamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi uma mikhulu.
Indlela Yokulawula I-Walnut Anthracnose
I-Walnut anthracnose iyinkinga enkulu kubalimi ngoba ingathinta sonke isitshalo futhi ibangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Lapho izithelo zingcoliswe i-anthracnose, azikwazi ukuthengiswa. Uma isitshalo sithwalwa yilesi sifo, sizomane sibhubhise isitshalo ngokuphelele. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula nokulwa ne-anthracnose kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala, njengoba izitshalo zikhula futhi zikhula.
Indlela yokwelapha nokulawula i-walnut anthracnose ngokusebenzisa amasu okuvimbela ukutshala futhi ekugcineni ngezinyathelo ezifanele zamakhemikhali zokulwa nesifo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Walnut Anthracnose
Ukwelashwa kokulawula i-anthrax yimikhiqizo enethusi njengesithako esisebenzayo:
- i-hydroxide yethusi
- I-oxychloride yethusi
- Umhluzi we-Bordeaux
Ochwepheshe batusa ukubhekana nabathile uhlobo lwe-moisturizer yokugcina umkhiqizo emashidini okungenani amahora angama-48. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, uma lina ngokuzumayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale kusukela ekuqaleni bese uphinda inqubo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesibili ngethusi, kunconywa ukuthi wengeze imikhiqizo ethile ye-fungal ukuthuthukisa impilo yensimu. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya nge-phenology yezinhlobo:
- Owokuqala ukuchichima
- Okwesibili lapho izimbali zesifazane seziqhakaza
- Okwesithathu kusethelwe izithelo
Uma kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa kubonakala ukuthi unyaka wemvula, kufanele yelashwe kabusha njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15. Kunconywa futhi ukushisa amaqabunga awile nezithelo zezihlahla, ngoba isikhunta sihlala sisebenza ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo, uma kwenzeka amantongomane alinyazwa isichotho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isibulala-sikhunta esihleliwe njenge-difenoconazole.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani
I-Walnut anthracnose ingavinjelwa ngezinyathelo ze-phytosanitary nezamasiko, lapho amaphuzu alandelayo angagqanyiswa khona:
- Hlwanyela izinhlobo ezingangenwa kalula yizifo futhi imbewu yazo iwumkhiqizo wezibonelo ezinempilo nezinamandla.
- Khetha izinto eziqinisekisiwe ezingenazo izinto eziyingozi zokutshala noma ukutshala.
- Zungezisa izitshalo futhi usebenzise izitshalo ezifanele ukugwema ukuba khona kwe-anthracnose.
- Sebenzisa indlela yokuvundisa elinganiselayo, ukulungisa inhlabathi, ukunisela, nokukhipha amanzi ngendlela efanele.
- Ukuthena okujulile nokujwayelekile ukuze kuqedwe izingxenye ezithintekile zesihlahla se-walnut futhi ulwe nanoma yimuphi umthombo wezifo.
- Sika izitshalo ze-walnut futhi ususe ukhula ukuvimbela ukukhula nokusabalala kwesikhunta.
- Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela izitshalo, ukugwema amanzi amaningi kanye nomswakama ophezulu yizici ezibalulekile zokuvela kwe-anthracnose.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-walnut anthracnose nezici zayo.