Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ezikhona kuleplanethi sithola i- UMeadow. Luhlobo lwe-ecosystem olwakhiwe uhlaza olune-herbaceous endaweni enesimo sezulu esomile futhi esilawulwa kangcono yizitshalo eziseqenjini lotshani. Indawo kule ndawo imvamisa iyindawo eyisicaba noma eyehlayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukwakheka nezimbali zedlelo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kuyinto yokwakheka kwezitshalo lokho Kuyingxenye ye-biome yokwakheka kwe-graminiform. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iningi lalezi zindawo liphethwe yizitshalo eziseqenjini lotshani. Zitholakala eendaweni ezinamathafa ephasini mazombe hlanu kwama-tropical savanna. Yize zisendaweni efanayo, amathafa apholile noma izindawo ezinotshani zihluke kakhulu kuma-savanna asezindaweni ezishisayo ekubunjweni kohlobo olukhona nasesimweni sokushisa.
Idlelo linesakhiwo esilula. Futhi ngukuthi inengqimba eyodwa kuphela yamakhambi anokuphakama okuguqukayo. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo kunezihlahla ezincane ezingenza isiteji sikhulu. Le ecosystem inenhlabathi evundile enezinto eziningi eziphilayo ebusweni bomkhathizwe.. Ngenxa yobukhona bezilwane ezinokudla okudliwayo, kungalimala uma kungezwa ukuzingela, ezolimo nokuzalaniswa kwabantu abathunjiwe. Yimisebenzi edala umthelela omubi kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo.
Ukwakheka kwedlelo
Ake sibone ukuthi ukwakheka kwedlelo kuyini, kudiliza zonke izingxenye zalo igxathu negxathu:
- Isakhiwo sesitshalo: idlelo ukwakheka kwesitshalo esinesakhiwo esilula kakhulu ngoba sakhiwa kuphela ungqimba olulodwa lwe-herbaceous. Uchungechunge luyahlukahluka kusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga ngobukhona bezindawo ezinotshani obuncane, maphakathi nendawo maphakathi nangaphezulu ngasempumalanga.
- Phansi: inhlabathi yasesigodini evelele ijule ngokwanele, cishe imitha noma ngaphezulu, futhi icebile ngama-humus. Inothile nakwamanye amaminerali abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo ezifana ne-potassium, i-phosphorus nezinye ngaphandle kwezakhi. Iningi le-biomass yasemoyeni yotshani iyafa ehlobo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemvula. Njengoba kuyindawo eyomile, iba yindawo evumayo yokunyamalala kwezingxenye zasemoyeni njengezimbali zotshani.
I-biomass ewela ezingxenyeni ezisemoyeni zotshani ifakwe ku-substrate isenzo sezibungu zomhlaba nezinye izilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa ungqimba lwe-humus oluguqula idlelo libe yindawo evundile yemvelo. Kungashiwo ukuthi umkhawulo wokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla ezinkulu noma izihlahlana yisimo sezulu. Izimo zenhlabathi zilungele ukuxhasa izihlahla ezinde ezinamaqabunga amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, yisimo sezulu esivimbela ukutholakala kwalolu hlobo lohlaza. Ezinye izindawo ezinotshani zingakhula endaweni ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi kasawoti futhi ezinezinsimbi ezisindayo noma inhlabathi engajulile.
Enye ingxenye yasesigodini umlilo oqhubekayo. Yonke imililo ziyizici zalezi zindawo ngoba zenzeka ngemvamisa enkulu kungaba ngokwemvelo noma nge-anthropogenic. Lezo ezinikela ngezikhathi ezithile ekuvuseleleni amadlelo kanye nombala omnyama we-A horizon enhlabathini. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi, selokhu kwasungulwa imisebenzi yabantu kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo, inani lemililo lenyuke ngenhloso.
Esinye sezici ezisemqoka zasemathafeni ukudla okudliwayo kwezilwane ezihlala khona. Umuthi omkhulu we-herbaceous biomass okhiqizwe emathafeni wenza kube lula ukukhula kwabantu abaningi bezilimo ezidla utshani. Eziningi zazo zingaba zinkulu njengezinyathi, inhlwathi nensephe nezinye ezincane ezifana nenja yasemaphandleni.
Imithelela esigodini
Sizobona ukuthi yimiphi imithelela ehlukene yemvelo engenzeka edlelweni ngokwemvelo nangokwenza kwabantu. Okokuqala kunakho konke ukwazi ukuthi abantu bashintshe amadlelo emvelo ngemisebenzi yabo izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ezolimo ezijulile nemfuyo yizinto ezenziwa ngabantu ngubani omunye owehlisa isithunzi imvelo eyakhiwe ngamathafa otshani. Futhi, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingajwayelekile, njengamadlelo amaningi, kungaba nomthelela omubi ekuhambeni kwezinhlobo zemvelo.
Ezimweni eziningi siyabona ukuthi ukungenelela komuntu kuyishintshile le mikhawulo nazo zonke izici zemvelo emikhawulweni yemvelo yenkangala. Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zidalwa ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo noma ezikhethiwe zemvelo ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Kunemithelela eminingi ezitshalweni ezenza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-55 zotshani zisengozini noma zisongelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-728 zingabafundi abazongena emkhakheni wokusongelwa ukwehliswa kwabantu bazo.
Siphinde sibe nomthelela osabalele ezilwaneni zasendle. Abantu be-Fauna bathintekile ngandlela thile ngenxa yezenzo zabantu ezahlukahlukene njengokuzingela okungafanele kanye nokungcoliswa ngama-agrochemicals. Ukuzingelwa kwahlala cishe kwaphela nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo ezifana nenyathi nenyathi yaseMelika. Ngokwabo, izinja zasemaphandleni nazo zithintekile ngezinkinga zobuthi.
Indawo emhlabeni
Lolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem luyethulwa ngamabhande amakhulu aqhubekayo eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Ezwenikazi eliseningizimu zisatshalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Australasia.
Izimbali ezivame kakhulu utshani bemindeni engaphansi kwe-Arundinoideae nePooideae, ngokungafani nezindawo ezishisayo lapho iChloridoideae nePanicoideae kuningi khona. Kukhona nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezivela emindenini eyahlukene.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nedlelo nezici zalo.