Ukuphindaphindwa kwe-Orchid ngezimbewu

Ama-orchid avusa isithakazelo esikhethekile eYurophu phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kangangokuba ezinye izinhlobo zathengiswa ngegolide ngabaqoqi. Ochwepheshe nososayensi bangaleso sikhathi abakwazanga ukubaphindaphinda ngokushesha okukhulu ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu.

Ngisho nanamuhla kunokungabaza okuningi mayelana kunjani ukuphindaphindwa kwe-orchid ngezimbewu phakathi kwama-hobbyists, ngoba uma wonke umuntu ethola imfihlakalo, kungenzeka ukuthi singazijabulela lezi zitshalo ezinhle nezinhle kakhulu.

Imbewu ye-orchid imila kanjani emvelweni?

Kunezitshalo eziningi ezisungule ubudlelwano bokufanelana nezinye izitshalo noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Empeleni, kutholakele ukuthi ngendlela efanayo nama-conifers akhula aqine kakhulu uma ethola isikhunta esithile esikhetheke kakhulu emhlabathini lapho ekhula khona enze i-mycorrhizae (i-symbiosis phakathi kwesikhunta nezimpande), kwenzeka okufanayo nangama-orchid ngokuphathelene imbewu yayo.

Lokhu kwatholakala ngekhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka, yisazi sezitshalo saseFrance uNoël Bernard. IMicrocurriza ivumela imbewu ukuthi ihlume emvelweni. Ukusebenza kwayo kunjengokulandelayo: isikhunta sondla imbewu, siyinike izakhamzimba namanzi, bese kuthi ngokudla kwayo sidle ama-carbohydrate namavithamini ukuthi akakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elanele.

Namuhla lokhu akusetshenziswanga ngoba kuyindlela enzima kakhulu, njengoba futhi kudinga ukunakekela ukhunta.

Ngabe ama-orchid angamila ngaphandle kwesikhunta?

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwatholakala ukuthi ukuhluma kwe-orchid kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesikhunta sayo esingahlukaniseki, kumane kukhethwe inhlabathi enosawoti wamaminerali, i-sucrose nezinye izinto.

Ungayihlwanyela kanjani imbewu ye-orchid?

Ukutshalwa kwe-in vitro kwalesi sitshalo kwaba semfashinini ngeminyaka yama-60s. Imbewu ye-orchid kufanele ibekwe enhlabathini eyondlekile endaweni engenabungozi ngokuphelele. (ujeke noma ibhodlela lengilazi). Imbewu iyamila, ifinyelele esigabeni esiphakathi nendawo bese kuthi ekugcineni amaqabunga ayo aqale ukukhula. Lapho amaqabunga okuqala angama-3-4 ekhula, atshalwa afakwe kwelinye izwe elifanele ama-orchid amancane.

Isiko layo le-in vitro livame ukuphumelela, ngoba izimbali zokuqala zivela eminyakeni engu-2-3, uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-7 eyenzekayo ukwenzeka lapho isendalweni.

Amathiphu wokufeza izinga eliphakeme lokuhluma

Ukuze inani elikhulu lembewu lihlume, sincoma okulandelayo:

• Ukuthumela okungaphansiKhetha isibonelo igxolo lomuthi ochotshoziwe, noma i-fiber kakhukhunathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kube yi-substrate entsha, noma okungenani inzalo.
• Amanzi: sebenzisa imvula noma ngaphandle kukalamula njalo. Kumele ihlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungaba futhi kufanelekile ngamanzi okusetshenziswa ngabantu.
• Indawo kusuka embhedeni wembewu: yibeke eduze komthombo wokushisa, endaweni evikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ama-orchid eyizitshalo ezikhula ngaphansi komthunzi wezitshalo ezinkudlwana kunalokho eziyikho.
• Ukufakelwa: shiya izithombo zakho esitsheni lapho ziqhume khona zize zifinyelele usayizi ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-5-7. Ngale ndlela, kuzoba lula ngawe ukubahlukanisa futhi ubenze badlulise ukufakelwa.

Ibaluleke kangakanani isiko le-in vitro lama-orchid emhlabeni?

Ama-orchid yizitshalo ezikhiqiza imbewu encane kakhulu, imvamisa ingaphansi kwemilimitha elilodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga lesi sikhunta se-microrhizal ukuze siqhume, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isizukulwane esisha bakhiqiza izinkulungwane zembewu, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ngaphezulu kwe-1. Inkinga ukuthi kubo bonke labo, kuhluma cishe u-1% kuphela.

Futhi lokhu, bekungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube ngenye indlela, kusho ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo esezisengozini yokuqothulwa, ngoba kuleyo nkinga kunezelwa ezinye njengokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho, kanye nokukhishwa izibonelo ezivela kwimvelo.

Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwe-in vitro, izinhlobo ezinjenge ULaelia gouldiana, engasakhuli ngokwemvelo, isaphila emalabhorethri, ikakhulukazi emabhange e-germplasm. Kepha akulinywa ngale ndlela kuphela, kepha futhi cishe wonke ama-orchid ezentengiselwano: iPhalaenopsis, iDendrobium, iCambria, ne-etcetera ende, baqala impilo yabo esitsheni esivame ukwenziwa ngengilazi.

Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi lezi zitshalo kwesinye isikhathi zikhiqiza ama-keikis, okuyizifaniso ezihluma esitshalweni esingumama, kepha hhayi zonke izinhlobo ezinazo minyaka yonke, futhi akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi zizoba zingaki. Esikhundleni salokho, Ukuphindaphindeka kwembewu ye-orchid, noma i-in vitro, kuyinto kungekudala ezoba nokwenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo; hhayi ngeze, bonke bazoqala ukuchuma ngesikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zabo.

Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Siyethemba ukuthi ufunde okuningi ngokutshala imbewu ye-orchid, nokuthi uyakhuthazwa ukuthi uzame 🙂. Ukuzihambela phambili akulula, kodwa-ke akunakwenzeka ukubenza bahlume.